tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-81709333993964233732024-03-17T00:22:04.908+05:30Hyd&SpookHyd&Spookhttp://www.blogger.com/profile/18061172446704649416noreply@blogger.comBlogger379125tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-8170933399396423373.post-11380021720666007682013-05-21T07:49:00.004+05:302013-05-21T07:49:51.073+05:30Marksheets-CSE2012<div dir="ltr" style="text-align: left;" trbidi="on">
Heylos,<br />
<br />
Apon Arun's request I am posting my subject wise marks. I invite all of you also to post your marksheets as it would give us a good idea of what UPSC has been upto this year.<br />
On a personal note I have been given good marks in the interview when I thought I had done tragically in it. Alas, the tragedy lay elsewhere- UPSC has screwed me in the written.<br />
Anyways, here goes...<br />
<br />
<table><tbody>
<tr><td colspan="4"><br /><br /><table align="center" border="1"><tbody>
<tr><td colspan="7"><div align="center">
<strong>MARKS OF LAST RECOMMENDED CANDIDATE</strong></div>
</td></tr>
<tr><td width="125"><div align="center">
GENERAL</div>
</td><td width="87"><div align="center">
OBC</div>
</td><td width="81"><div align="center">
SC</div>
</td><td width="96"><div align="center">
ST</div>
</td><td width="99"><div align="center">
PH-1</div>
</td><td width="82"><div align="center">
PH-2</div>
</td><td width="51"><div align="center">
PH-3</div>
</td></tr>
<tr><td><div align="center">
936</div>
</td><td><div align="center">
911</div>
</td><td><div align="center">
870</div>
</td><td><div align="center">
864</div>
</td><td><div align="center">
858</div>
</td><td><div align="center">
942</div>
</td><td><div align="center">
802</div>
</td></tr>
</tbody></table>
</td></tr>
<tr><td colspan="2"><br /><br /><table border="0" style="width: 802px;"><tbody>
<tr><td width="91">ROLL NO. :</td><td width="701"><strong>011101</strong></td></tr>
<tr><td>NAME :</td><td><strong>SPURTHI REDDY</strong></td></tr>
<tr><td></td><td></td></tr>
<tr><td align="center" colspan="2"><strong>MARKS OBTAINED</strong></td></tr>
</tbody></table>
<table border="0" style="width: 802px;"><tbody>
<tr><td colspan="2"><table align="center" border="1" style="width: 537px;"><tbody>
<tr><td><div align="center">
<strong>SUBJECTS</strong></div>
</td><td><div align="right">
<strong>MARKS</strong></div>
</td></tr>
<tr><td width="442"><div align="left">
ESSAY (PAPER-III)</div>
</td><td align="center" width="79"><div align="right">
086</div>
</td></tr>
<tr><td><div align="left">
GENRAL STUDIES (PAPER-IV)</div>
</td><td align="center"><div align="right">
129</div>
</td></tr>
<tr><td><div align="left">
GENRAL STUDIES (PAPER-V)</div>
</td><td align="center"><div align="right">
094</div>
</td></tr>
<tr><td><div align="left">
OPTIONAL-I(SOCIOLOGY) (PAPER-VI)</div>
</td><td align="center"><div align="right">
125</div>
</td></tr>
<tr><td><div align="left">
OPTIONAL-I(SOCIOLOGY) (PAPER-VII)</div>
</td><td align="center"><div align="right">
120</div>
</td></tr>
<tr><td><div align="left">
OPTIONAL-II(PUBLIC ADMIN.) (PAPER-VIII)</div>
</td><td align="center"><div align="right">
64</div>
</td></tr>
<tr><td><div align="left">
OPTIONAL-II(PUBLIC ADMIN.) (PAPER-IX)</div>
</td><td align="center"><div align="right">
107</div>
</td></tr>
<tr><td><div align="left">
WRITTEN TOTAL</div>
</td><td align="center"><div align="right">
725</div>
</td></tr>
<tr><td width="442"><div align="left">
PERSONALITY TEST</div>
</td><td align="center" width="79"><div align="right">
200</div>
</td></tr>
<tr><td><div align="left">
FINAL TOTAL</div>
</td><td align="center"><div align="right">
925</div>
</td></tr>
</tbody></table>
</td></tr>
</tbody></table>
<table></table>
<table><tbody>
<tr><td width="127"></td><td width="1164"><strong>Remarks</strong> :-NOT RECOMMENDED</td></tr>
</tbody></table>
</td></tr>
</tbody></table>
</div>
Hyd&Spookhttp://www.blogger.com/profile/18061172446704649416noreply@blogger.com15tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-8170933399396423373.post-2407144199750611872013-05-14T22:22:00.001+05:302013-05-14T22:22:19.766+05:30CSE 2012 marks: Strict marking does no one a favour<div dir="ltr" style="text-align: left;" trbidi="on">
UPSC has just declared the marks of the recommended candidates. It comes as a disappointment that there has been very stringent marking in the written exam.<br />
<br />
The total marks for written are 2000 + 300 for interview. An analysis of the total final marks is given below. [All these candidates are General Category]:<br />
<br />
<table border="1" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="MsoTableGrid" style="border-collapse: collapse; border: none; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-padding-alt: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; mso-yfti-tbllook: 1184;">
<tbody>
<tr>
<td style="border: solid windowtext 1.0pt; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 119.7pt;" valign="top" width="160">
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt;">
<span lang="EN-GB">Rank<o:p></o:p></span></div>
</td>
<td style="border-left: none; border: solid windowtext 1.0pt; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 119.7pt;" valign="top" width="160">
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt;">
<span lang="EN-GB">Total Marks<o:p></o:p></span></div>
</td>
<td style="border-left: none; border: solid windowtext 1.0pt; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 119.7pt;" valign="top" width="160">
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt;">
<span lang="EN-GB">Percentage<o:p></o:p></span></div>
</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="border-top: none; border: solid windowtext 1.0pt; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 119.7pt;" valign="top" width="160">
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt;">
<span lang="EN-GB">1<o:p></o:p></span></div>
</td>
<td style="border-bottom: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-top: none; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 119.7pt;" valign="top" width="160">
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt;">
<span lang="EN-GB">1193<o:p></o:p></span></div>
</td>
<td style="border-bottom: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-top: none; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 119.7pt;" valign="top" width="160">
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt;">
<span lang="EN-GB">51.86<o:p></o:p></span></div>
</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="border-top: none; border: solid windowtext 1.0pt; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 119.7pt;" valign="top" width="160">
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt;">
<span lang="EN-GB">10<o:p></o:p></span></div>
</td>
<td style="border-bottom: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-top: none; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 119.7pt;" valign="top" width="160">
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt;">
<span lang="EN-GB">1094<o:p></o:p></span></div>
</td>
<td style="border-bottom: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-top: none; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 119.7pt;" valign="top" width="160">
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt;">
<span lang="EN-GB">47.56<o:p></o:p></span></div>
</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="border-top: none; border: solid windowtext 1.0pt; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 119.7pt;" valign="top" width="160">
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt;">
<span lang="EN-GB">50<o:p></o:p></span></div>
</td>
<td style="border-bottom: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-top: none; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 119.7pt;" valign="top" width="160">
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt;">
<span lang="EN-GB">1045<o:p></o:p></span></div>
</td>
<td style="border-bottom: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-top: none; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 119.7pt;" valign="top" width="160">
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt;">
<span lang="EN-GB">45.43<o:p></o:p></span></div>
</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="border-top: none; border: solid windowtext 1.0pt; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 119.7pt;" valign="top" width="160">
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt;">
<span lang="EN-GB">100<o:p></o:p></span></div>
</td>
<td style="border-bottom: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-top: none; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 119.7pt;" valign="top" width="160">
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt;">
<span lang="EN-GB">1017<o:p></o:p></span></div>
</td>
<td style="border-bottom: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-top: none; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 119.7pt;" valign="top" width="160">
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt;">
<span lang="EN-GB">44.21<o:p></o:p></span></div>
</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="border-top: none; border: solid windowtext 1.0pt; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 119.7pt;" valign="top" width="160">
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt;">
<span lang="EN-GB">150<o:p></o:p></span></div>
</td>
<td style="border-bottom: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-top: none; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 119.7pt;" valign="top" width="160">
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt;">
<span lang="EN-GB">1002<o:p></o:p></span></div>
</td>
<td style="border-bottom: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-top: none; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 119.7pt;" valign="top" width="160">
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt;">
<span lang="EN-GB">43.56<o:p></o:p></span></div>
</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="border-top: none; border: solid windowtext 1.0pt; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 119.7pt;" valign="top" width="160">
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt;">
<span lang="EN-GB">200<o:p></o:p></span></div>
</td>
<td style="border-bottom: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-top: none; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 119.7pt;" valign="top" width="160">
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt;">
<span lang="EN-GB">988<o:p></o:p></span></div>
</td>
<td style="border-bottom: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-top: none; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 119.7pt;" valign="top" width="160">
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt;">
<span lang="EN-GB">42.95<o:p></o:p></span></div>
</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="border-top: none; border: solid windowtext 1.0pt; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 119.7pt;" valign="top" width="160">
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt;">
<span lang="EN-GB">300<o:p></o:p></span></div>
</td>
<td style="border-bottom: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-top: none; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 119.7pt;" valign="top" width="160">
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt;">
<span lang="EN-GB">970<o:p></o:p></span></div>
</td>
<td style="border-bottom: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-top: none; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 119.7pt;" valign="top" width="160">
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt;">
<span lang="EN-GB">42.17<o:p></o:p></span></div>
</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="border-top: none; border: solid windowtext 1.0pt; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 119.7pt;" valign="top" width="160">
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt;">
<span lang="EN-GB">400<o:p></o:p></span></div>
</td>
<td style="border-bottom: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-top: none; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 119.7pt;" valign="top" width="160">
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt;">
<span lang="EN-GB">958<o:p></o:p></span></div>
</td>
<td style="border-bottom: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-top: none; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 119.7pt;" valign="top" width="160">
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt;">
<span lang="EN-GB">41.65<o:p></o:p></span></div>
</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="border-top: none; border: solid windowtext 1.0pt; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 119.7pt;" valign="top" width="160">
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt;">
<span lang="EN-GB">600<o:p></o:p></span></div>
</td>
<td style="border-bottom: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-top: none; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 119.7pt;" valign="top" width="160">
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt;">
<span lang="EN-GB">941<o:p></o:p></span></div>
</td>
<td style="border-bottom: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-top: none; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 119.7pt;" valign="top" width="160">
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt;">
<span lang="EN-GB">40.91<o:p></o:p></span></div>
</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="border-top: none; border: solid windowtext 1.0pt; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 119.7pt;" valign="top" width="160">
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt;">
<span lang="EN-GB">645<o:p></o:p></span></div>
</td>
<td style="border-bottom: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-top: none; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 119.7pt;" valign="top" width="160">
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt;">
<span lang="EN-GB">938<o:p></o:p></span></div>
</td>
<td style="border-bottom: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-top: none; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 119.7pt;" valign="top" width="160">
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt;">
<span lang="EN-GB">40.78<o:p></o:p></span></div>
</td>
</tr>
</tbody></table>
<br />
<br />
There are two important results we can draw from the above.<br />
<br />
Firstly that even Rank 1 has not even got 1200 marks. In the 2009 and 2010 CSE the toppers marks would go beyond 1300. Such strict marking does not give due recognition to the difference in quality of writing or analysis as reflected in the answer scripts. I refuse to believe that out of 12000+ candidates writing the mains, not 50 were such that they deserved atleast 55% of marks in written? <br />
<div>
<br /></div>
Secondly, the difference between Rank 5 and Rank 645 is barely 5%. In an exam worth 2300 marks how can the difference between making the list and getting top rank be just 5%. There should be some qualitative difference between the candidates that is reflected in the quanity of marks as well. And if these marks are true, then how can 5% make all the difference. This is grossly unfair to everyone.<br />
<br />
In this situation two things have occurred:<br />
- The interview has become the deciding factor. This itself is not rational as written is for 2000 marks and interview for 300.<br />
- Secondly, luck starts playing a much bigger factor. Some papers are marked leniently; or your interview board is generous; or its just your day. When marking is moderate people who have shown consistency in all attributes benefit, instead of random luck.<br />
<br />
I just hope UPSC too does some analysis of this and draws some lessons. Baaki, do write in with your views on the matter.<br />
<br />
Spurthi<br />
<br /></div>
Hyd&Spookhttp://www.blogger.com/profile/18061172446704649416noreply@blogger.com17tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-8170933399396423373.post-34688615042970178452013-05-14T20:05:00.001+05:302013-05-14T20:05:36.585+05:30My CSE-2012 Interview <div dir="ltr" style="text-align: left;" trbidi="on">
<br />
Ola,<br />
Since one of has requested me for the interview script, am posting what I wrote down right after but didnt complete. I wasnt too happy with the interview. There were many moments when I felt the board was exasperated with me.<br />
Am sure the interview score will give a better indication.<br />
Spurthi<br />
.......<br />
Hello Friends,<br />
<br />
Hope your interview prep is going good. And those of you who have attended the interview did a fine job of it. Am just reproducing below the questions that were asked to me in the interview.<br />
<br />
It was Ms. Rajni Razdan's board.<br />
<br />
Rajni Razdan: Name?<br />
<br />
Rajni Razdan: Roll Number?<br />
<br />
Rajni Razdan: Then she picked up my passsport photograph and showed it to me indicatively asking if it was my picture.<br />
Me(S): I smiled and said, yes ma'am.<br />
<br />
Rajni Razdan: So, Spurthi you have written reading as a hobby, what do you like to read?<br />
S: I like to read non-fiction mainly, but also other kinds of work like most recently I read Outliers by Malcom Gladwell. And I also like reading literature about historical monuments.<br />
<br />
She then indicated the first panel member to ask questions.<br />
<br />
Member1: Since you have mentioned visiting historical monuments as a hobby, which places have you visited recently?<br />
S: Sir I have recently visited Bidar and revisited Qutb Minar in Delhi.<br />
<br />
M1: Which monuments in Bidar did you visit?<br />
S: The Bidar Fort and Madarsa of Mahmud Gawan who was the Persian Prime Minister of the Bahmani kings.<br />
<br />
M1: Which monument did you like the best in Bidar Fort?<br />
S: Sir, I liked the Solah Khamba mosque. It was among the earliest mosques to be built in the Deccan. It had cylindrical pillars which were quite unique. And Aurangzeb also offered prayers at the mosque when he conquered Deccan. Else, it is plain like other mosques with a large courtyard.<br />
And, I also liked Mahmud Gawan's madarsa as it is very impressive in scale. And it housed a library with 30000 books, which in the 13th century indicates that scholastic aptitude was appreciated.<br />
<br />
M1: Have you heard of "double jeopardy"?<br />
S: Yes Sir, it refers to the principle that a person cannot be sentenced twice for the same crime/offence.<br />
<br />
M1: So which article does this come under?<br />
S: Sir, Article 22?<br />
<br />
M1: No. Article 22 covers the period after arrest.<br />
S: (thinking... and in the meantime he said)<br />
M1: Article 20<br />
<br />
M1: Okay, Vijender Singh is in the news. Can you tell me why?<br />
S: Yes Sir. A large drug haul was captured and the prime accused has given a statement that Vijender Singh was a client. Also Vijender Singh refused to give his samples to the police stating that he would rather give them to the sports authorities as they have better equipment for testing.<br />
<br />
M1: So do you think he was within his rights to refuse?<br />
S:(i thought for 2-3 seconds)....Sir, if he is directed to do so by the court then he cannot refuse.<br />
<br />
M1: Yes, but otherwise he can refuse. Can you tell me which article?<br />
S: (i again was thinking and in the meantime he said) <br />
M1: (in an almost exasperated tone) Article 20!</div>
Hyd&Spookhttp://www.blogger.com/profile/18061172446704649416noreply@blogger.com5tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-8170933399396423373.post-5941391962761761752013-05-11T13:59:00.000+05:302013-05-11T13:59:56.445+05:30Adieu et Bon Chance<div dir="ltr" style="text-align: left;" trbidi="on">
Hello Friends and Comrades,<br />
<div>
<br /></div>
<div>
Where do I start? The results have been out for a week now. I was unable to make the list. </div>
<div>
<br /></div>
<div>
Nonetheless I do hope many of you did, and scored the rank you aspired for. I would love to hear from all of you. </div>
<div>
<br /></div>
<div>
As for me- I shall henceforth serve to "safeguard the economic frontiers of the country", as we in Customs and Central Excise love to say. :) I am enjoying the training till now and there is a renewed enthusiasm for the service, since it has been determined that I shall be part of it for the foreseeable future. Training keeps me rather busy and I was unable to contribute to the blog much, as you all do know. Thankyou for dropping me messages from time to time and am sorry I wasn't very responsive. Well...2013 brings my sojourn with the CSE to a close, and with it this Blog too. But before moving on from this chapter of my life, I wish to register my experience about the Blog.</div>
<div>
<br /></div>
<div>
I must say writing this blog was a very educative and enriching experience. I was able to interact with so many more people than I would have otherwise. It was always exciting to receive a new comment or see that someone has taken the trouble to register as a <a href="http://hyd-n-spook.blogspot.in/2012/08/20-members.html" target="_blank">member</a>. In the first month of writing this blog, way back in <a href="http://hyd-n-spook.blogspot.in/2011/07/ecomark-scheme.html" target="_blank">July 2011</a> (tis not all that way back but certainly seems like a long time away), my excitement would stem from how many hits the site would receive. And at the end of everyday I would proudly proclaim to my family members that so many people visited my site. Initially it was about 10-15. But, then I used to wonder why people from US or UK or Germany are visiting the site. But such are the joys of ignorance- I was shortly informed, by those better informed in tech matters, that most of those hits were bots. That was a very grim day I must say. :D . </div>
<div>
<br /></div>
<div>
Writing my <a href="http://hyd-n-spook.blogspot.in/2012/03/century.html" target="_blank">100th post</a> was a big achievement. I was a little surprised that blogging kept me interested for such a long time. But as I said earlier it was a very educative experience. With every issue I would pick up, my effort would be to understand it holistically- and for this I would go from article to article till I got the picture. It was a very time-consuming process indeed. I remember that I spent an entire day to write the post on the <a href="http://hyd-n-spook.blogspot.in/2011/08/impact-of-us-sovereign-debt-downgrade.html" target="_blank">US sovereign debt crisis</a>. Additionally, the excitement was fueled by how one picture would lead to another. In this process there were several <i>aha</i> moments.:) I think that was what kept me hooked to this process. </div>
<div>
<br /></div>
<div>
Preparing a post for publishing meant for me- cogent presentation. There was a lot of recut-repaste of paras and a re-writing that I would do. Part of this presentation was referencing. Indicating sources of info was vital to establish its veracity to the reader. Formatting was another major pique with me- I would spend so much time just de-highlighting lines, spacing, changing font sizes etc. These were the more drudgerous activities involved with blogging- but were necessary for my peace of mind. And lo and behold, there were small achievements there too- like discovering that <br /> represented a whole blank line- let me tell you, for an Arts major the first step to understanding html was a giant leap.</div>
<div>
<br /></div>
<div>
There were certain areas of great interest for me. International affairs, Culture, and Economy- the first two as they genuinely interested me and the latter cause I didn't understand zilch. :) These also might be the posts which continue to be of some use in this year. <a href="http://hyd-n-spook.blogspot.in/search/label/Culture" target="_blank">Culture</a> stays the same, and so does some of the <a href="http://hyd-n-spook.blogspot.in/search/label/Environment" target="_blank">Environment</a> related info. There are also a few case studies relating to PubAd and Socio- these will continue to be of relevance.</div>
<div>
<br /></div>
<div>
All in all this has been a wholesome experience. Although I did not make the end, I certainly learnt a great deal in the process. Understanding GS issues and presenting them on this blog kept my interest alive in the exam. One can perhaps wonder if<i> </i>one spent an inordinate amount of time on the blog- it may not be altogether too far from the truth. I must admit the optionals seemed so uninviting to me. Reading the same registers, books and notes a third time was just unpalatable. In that vein, I think I would have enjoyed prepping in the current format more. But then writing the CSE a third time was one time too many. My socio prof, Mr. Mahapatra (teaches socio at Vajiram) said to me in the first year of my prep:</div>
<blockquote class="tr_bq">
First Attempt, you Appear,<br />
Second Attempt, you Re-appear, and<br />
Third Attempt, you Disappear</blockquote>
I can say in hindsight this has proved true for me. I cleared in the first attempt and could not improve my chances after that. But, I wouldn't have it any other way. :) Now, I can say goodbye to UPSC with peace.<br />
<br />
With this, I wish you all the very best- in this exam and in life. Thankyou for being part of my journey and for including me in yours.<br />
<br />
With much love and gratitude,<br />
<br />
Spurthi Reddy<br />
<div>
11th May, 2013.</div>
</div>
Hyd&Spookhttp://www.blogger.com/profile/18061172446704649416noreply@blogger.com13tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-8170933399396423373.post-28715909240295620162013-03-09T09:14:00.001+05:302013-03-09T09:14:23.276+05:30Interview Call CSE-2012<div dir="ltr" style="text-align: left;" trbidi="on">
Hello Friends,<br />
<br />
Many congratulations to those among us who have cleared the Mains and received an interview call. I count myself among these lucky folks this time.<br />
<br />
And commiserations to those of us who were unable to go to the next stage of the exam. But keep your spirits high and soldier on.<br />
<br />
I have the interview this coming week, so am trying to make the best of my time. I wish you all, all the best once again. I hope the blog is helping you in some way for the interview prep as well. And will reply to some of your queries about new pattern soon.<br />
<br />
Till then adios amigos :)<br />
<br />
Spurthi<br />
<br />
<br /></div>
Hyd&Spookhttp://www.blogger.com/profile/18061172446704649416noreply@blogger.com12tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-8170933399396423373.post-25734769773829930452013-03-06T20:24:00.000+05:302013-03-06T20:24:00.595+05:30Counter-magnets<div dir="ltr" style="text-align: left;" trbidi="on">
<br />
<div style="line-height: 1.5em; margin-bottom: 0.5em; margin-top: 0.4em;">
Counter-magnet towns are identified as those that can be developed as alternative centres of growth and attract migrants to them rather than Delhi. Promoting growth of counter magnet towns are the principal components of the strategy to reduce both migration and population explosion in the Delhi metropolitan area.</div>
<div style="line-height: 1.5em; margin-bottom: 0.5em; margin-top: 0.4em;">
These towns are located in six states- Uttarakhand, Madhya Pradesh and Punjab, in addition to Uttar Pradesh, Haryana and Rajasthan, which are already part of the national capital region.</div>
<div style="line-height: 1.5em; margin-bottom: 0.5em; margin-top: 0.4em;">
The criterion for selecting counter magnet towns are that they should not be within approximately. 250 km. from Delhi, should have their own established roots and potential of growth and should not be centres of either religious, strategic or environmental importance.</div>
<div style="line-height: 1.5em; margin-bottom: 0.5em; margin-top: 0.4em;">
These are:-</div>
<dl style="margin-bottom: 0.5em; margin-top: 0.2em;">
<dt style="font-weight: bold; margin-bottom: 0.1em;">Initial list</dt>
</dl>
<ul style="line-height: 1.5em; list-style-image: url(data:image/png; margin: 0.3em 0px 0px 1.6em; padding: 0px;">
<li style="margin-bottom: 0.1em;"><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gwalior" style="background-image: none; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; color: #0b0080; text-decoration: none;" title="Gwalior">Gwalior</a> <sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-mydigitalfc1_7-0" style="line-height: 1em;"><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/National_Capital_Region_(India)#cite_note-mydigitalfc1-7" style="background-image: none; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; color: #0b0080; text-decoration: none; white-space: nowrap;">[7]</a></sup></li>
<li style="margin-bottom: 0.1em;"><a class="mw-redirect" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hisar,_India" style="background-image: none; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; color: #0b0080; text-decoration: none;" title="Hisar, India">Hisar</a> <sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-mydigitalfc1_7-1" style="line-height: 1em;"><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/National_Capital_Region_(India)#cite_note-mydigitalfc1-7" style="background-image: none; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; color: #0b0080; text-decoration: none; white-space: nowrap;">[7]</a></sup></li>
<li style="margin-bottom: 0.1em;"><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kota,_Rajasthan" style="background-image: none; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; color: #0b0080; text-decoration: none;" title="Kota, Rajasthan">Kota</a> <sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-mydigitalfc1_7-2" style="line-height: 1em;"><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/National_Capital_Region_(India)#cite_note-mydigitalfc1-7" style="background-image: none; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; color: #0b0080; text-decoration: none; white-space: nowrap;">[7]</a></sup></li>
<li style="margin-bottom: 0.1em;"><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Patiala" style="background-image: none; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; color: #0b0080; text-decoration: none;" title="Patiala">Patiala</a> <sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-mydigitalfc1_7-3" style="line-height: 1em;"><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/National_Capital_Region_(India)#cite_note-mydigitalfc1-7" style="background-image: none; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; color: #0b0080; text-decoration: none; white-space: nowrap;">[7]</a></sup></li>
<li style="margin-bottom: 0.1em;"><a class="mw-redirect" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Aligarh" style="background-image: none; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; color: #0b0080; text-decoration: none;" title="Aligarh">Aligarh</a> <sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-mydigitalfc1_7-4" style="line-height: 1em;"><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/National_Capital_Region_(India)#cite_note-mydigitalfc1-7" style="background-image: none; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; color: #0b0080; text-decoration: none; white-space: nowrap;">[7]</a></sup></li>
</ul>
<dl style="margin-bottom: 0.5em; margin-top: 0.2em;">
<dt style="font-weight: bold; margin-bottom: 0.1em;">Later additions</dt>
</dl>
<ul style="line-height: 1.5em; list-style-image: url(data:image/png; margin: 0.3em 0px 0px 1.6em; padding: 0px;">
<li style="margin-bottom: 0.1em;"><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ambala" style="background-image: none; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; color: #0b0080; text-decoration: none;" title="Ambala">Ambala</a> <sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-mydigitalfc1_7-5" style="line-height: 1em;"><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/National_Capital_Region_(India)#cite_note-mydigitalfc1-7" style="background-image: none; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; color: #0b0080; text-decoration: none; white-space: nowrap;">[7]</a></sup></li>
<li style="margin-bottom: 0.1em;"><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dehradun" style="background-image: none; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; color: #0b0080; text-decoration: none;" title="Dehradun">Dehradun</a> <sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-mydigitalfc1_7-6" style="line-height: 1em;"><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/National_Capital_Region_(India)#cite_note-mydigitalfc1-7" style="background-image: none; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; color: #0b0080; text-decoration: none; white-space: nowrap;">[7]</a></sup></li>
<li style="margin-bottom: 0.1em;"><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kanpur" style="background-image: none; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; color: #0b0080; text-decoration: none;" title="Kanpur">Kanpur</a> <sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-mydigitalfc1_7-7" style="line-height: 1em;"><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/National_Capital_Region_(India)#cite_note-mydigitalfc1-7" style="background-image: none; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; color: #0b0080; text-decoration: none; white-space: nowrap;">[7]</a></sup></li>
<li style="margin-bottom: 0.1em;"><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Moradabad" style="background-image: none; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; color: #0b0080; text-decoration: none;" title="Moradabad">Moradabad</a></li>
</ul>
<div>
<span style="line-height: 24px;">http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/National_Capital_Region_(India)#Counter_Magnets</span></div>
<h2 style="background-image: none; border-bottom-color: rgb(170, 170, 170); border-bottom-style: solid; border-bottom-width: 1px; font-size: 19.16666603088379px; font-weight: normal; margin: 0px 0px 0.6em; overflow: hidden; padding-bottom: 0.17em; padding-top: 0.5em;">
<span class="editsection" style="-webkit-user-select: none; background-color: white; float: right; font-family: sans-serif; font-size: 12.499999046325684px; line-height: 19.192707061767578px; margin-left: 5px;">[<a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=National_Capital_Region_(India)&action=edit&section=11" style="background-image: none; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; color: #0b0080; text-decoration: none;" title="Edit section: Real Estate Development">edit</a>]</span><span class="mw-headline" id="Real_Estate_Development" style="background-color: white; font-family: sans-serif; font-size: 19.16666603088379px; line-height: 19.192707061767578px;"></span></h2>
</div>
Hyd&Spookhttp://www.blogger.com/profile/18061172446704649416noreply@blogger.com1tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-8170933399396423373.post-72434075318709218112013-02-16T10:46:00.000+05:302013-02-16T10:46:13.179+05:30Integrity Pacts<div dir="ltr" style="text-align: left;" trbidi="on">
<br />
<div style="background-color: transparent; border: 0px; line-height: 18px; margin-bottom: 18px; outline: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;">
<span style="font-family: inherit;">Integrity Pacts are in the news because of the Rs.3600 crore VVIP Chopper deal. As allegations of bribery have arisen, the GoI has warned of takin strict legal action invoking the integrity pact that provides for cancellation of the contract if bribes are paid and recovery of the money paid. 3</span></div>
<div style="background-color: transparent; border: 0px; line-height: 18px; margin-bottom: 18px; outline: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;">
<span style="font-family: inherit;">Integrity Pacts are a tool for preventing corruption in public contracting. They are essentially an agreement between the government agency offering a contract and the companies bidding for it that they will abstain from bribery, collusion and other corrupt practices for the extent of the contract. To ensure accountability, Integrity Pacts also include a monitoring system typically led by civil society groups.</span></div>
<div style="background-color: transparent; border: 0px; line-height: 18px; margin-bottom: 18px; outline: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;">
<span style="font-family: inherit;">Integrity Pacts have been around since the 1990s, and have been applied in more than 15 countries.1</span></div>
<div style="background-color: transparent; border: 0px; line-height: 18px; margin-bottom: 18px; outline: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;">
</div>
<div style="text-align: justify;">
<span style="font-family: inherit;"><strong>Purpose</strong><br />It is intended to accomplish two primary objectives:<br />1. To enable companies to abstain from bribing by providing assurances to them that (i) their competitors will also refrain from bribing, and (ii) the government procurement, privatisation or licensing agencies will undertake to prevent corruption, including extortion, by their officials and to follow transparent procedures.</span></div>
<div style="text-align: justify;">
<span style="font-family: inherit;">2. To enable governments to reduce the high cost and the distortionary impact of corruption on public procurement, privatisation or licensing. 2</span></div>
<div style="text-align: justify;">
<span style="font-family: inherit;"></span></div>
<a name='more'></a><span style="font-family: inherit;"><br /></span>
<div style="text-align: justify;">
</div>
<strong><span style="font-family: inherit;">The Key Elements</span></strong><br />
<br />
<span style="font-family: inherit;">• An undertaking by the principal that its officials will not demand or accept any bribes,</span><span style="font-family: inherit;"> gifts, etc., with appropriate disciplinary or criminal sanctions in case of violation;</span><br />
<span style="font-family: inherit;">• A statement by each bidder that it has not paid, and will not pay, any bribes; </span><br />
<div style="text-align: justify;">
</div>
<span style="font-family: inherit;">• A pre-announced set of sanctions for any violation by a bidder of its commitments or </span><span style="font-family: inherit;">undertakings, including (some or all): </span><br />
<span style="font-family: inherit;">• Forfeiture of the bid security and performance bond;<br />• Liability for damages to the principal and the competing bidders, and<br />• Debarment of the violator by the principal for an appropriate period of time. </span><br />
<span style="font-family: inherit;"><br /></span>
<span style="font-family: inherit;">Penalties for failure to implement IP Officials are subject to penal action and bidders have to face cancellation of contract, forfeiture of bond, liquidated damages and blacklisting. Action will, however, not require criminal conviction but be based on "no-contest" after the evidence is made available or there can be no material doubts. Disputes in Integrity Pact implementation are resolved by arbitration. Independent External Monitoring is a key aspect of Integrity Pact implementation. Public access to all relevant information is a necessity. It calls for a forum in which representatives of civil society can discuss the contract itself. 2</span><br />
<br />
<div style="text-align: justify;">
<span style="text-align: left; text-transform: uppercase;"><span style="font-family: inherit;"><b>BENEFITS OF INTEGRITY PACTS</b></span></span></div>
<div style="background-color: transparent; border: 0px; line-height: 18px; margin-bottom: 18px; outline: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;">
</div>
<div style="border: 0px; margin-bottom: 18px; outline: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;">
</div>
<ol style="text-align: left;">
<li><span style="font-family: inherit;">Ensure clean operations on the part of contractors and public officials during the execution of a project. </span></li>
<li><span style="font-family: inherit;">Provide enhanced access to information, increasing the level of transparency in public contracts. </span></li>
<li><span style="font-family: inherit;">This, in turn, leads to greater confidence and trust in public decision-making, less litigation over procurement processes and more bidders competing for contracts.</span></li>
<li><span style="font-family: inherit;">Integrity pacts can also encourage institutional changes, such as the increased use of e-procurement systems, simplified administrative procedures and improved regulatory action.</span></li>
</ol>
Sources:<br />
<span style="font-family: inherit;">1. http://www.transparency.org/whatwedo/tools/integrity_pacts</span><br />
<span style="font-family: inherit; line-height: 18px;">2. http://www.transparencyindia.org/projects.php?id=36</span><br />
<div style="background-color: transparent; border: 0px; line-height: 18px; margin-bottom: 18px; outline: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;">
<span style="font-family: inherit;">3. The Hindu, 16th February 2013. </span></div>
</div>
Hyd&Spookhttp://www.blogger.com/profile/18061172446704649416noreply@blogger.com5tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-8170933399396423373.post-60908841177040065522013-02-01T12:52:00.000+05:302013-02-01T12:52:02.150+05:30Customs Law<div dir="ltr" style="text-align: left;" trbidi="on">
<br />
<b>Meaning</b><br />
Customs duty is a duty or tax, which is levied by Central Govt. on import of goods into, and export of goods from, India. It is collected from the importer or exporter of goods, but its incidence is actually borne by the consumer of the goods and not by the importer or the exporter who pay it.<br />
<br />
<a name='more'></a><br />
<b>History</b><br />
The development of organised taxation on imports and exports to its present form, originated in 1786, when the Britishers formed the first Board of Revenue in Calcutta. The provincial import duties were replaced by uniform Tariff Act through Customs Duties Act, 1859 which was made applicable to all territories in<br />
the country. The general rate of duty was 10%, which was subsequently revised to 7.5% in 1864. Several revisions in the Customs policy and tariff took place during subsequent years, though such revisions were mainly related to the textile products.<br />
<br />
<ul style="text-align: left;">
<li>Sea Customs Act was passed by Government in 1878. </li>
<li>The Indian Tariff Act was passed in 1894. </li>
<li>Air Customs having been covered under the India Aircrafts Act of 1911, the Land Customs Act was passed in 1924. </li>
<li>The Indian Customs Act, 1934, governed the Customs Tariff.</li>
<li>After Independence, the Sea Customs Act and other allied enactments were repealed by a consolidating and amending legislation entitled the Customs Act, 1962 (CA). </li>
<li>Similarly the Act of 1934 was repealed by the Customs Tariff Act, 1975(CTA).</li>
</ul>
<br />
There are two Acts, which form part of Customs Law in India, namely, the Customs Act.1962 and Customs Tariff Act, 1975:<br />
<br />
<b>Objects of customs duty</b><br />
The customs duty is levied, primarily, for the following purpose:<br />
1. To raise revenue.<br />
2. To regulate imports of foreign goods into India.<br />
3. To conserve foreign exchange, regulate supply of goods into domestic market.<br />
4. To provide protection to the domestic industry from foreign competition by restricting import of selected goods and services, import licensing, import quotas, and outright import ban.<br />
<br />
<b>Taxable Event: </b>Goods become liable to import duty or export duty when there is ‘import into,<br />
or export from India.<br />
<br />
The <b>determination of Indian customs waters is necessary</b> in view of certain provisions of the Customs Act, which empower the Customs Officers:<br />
(a) To arrest a person in India or within the Indian customs water ( section 1041)<br />
(b) To stop and search any vessel in India or within the Indian customs water; (section 1061)<br />
(c) To fire and/or confiscate the vessel, if it does not stop; (section 115) etc.<br />
<br />
<b>Type of customs duties: </b><br />
While Customs Duties include both import and export duties, but as export duties contributed only nominal revenue, due to emphasis on raising competitiveness of exports, import duties alone constituted major part of the revenue from Customs Duties. The import duties are imposed under The Customs Act, 1962 and Customs Tariff Act, 1975. The structure of Customs Duties includes the following:<br />
<br />
<b>Basic Customs Duty:</b> All goods imported into India are chargeable to a duty under Customs Act,<br />
1962 .The rates of this duty, popularly known as basic customs duty, are indicated in the First Schedule of the Customs Tariff Act, 1975as amended from time to time under Finance Acts. The duty may be fixed on ad -valorem basis (a percentage of the value of the goods) or specific rate basis. The Central Government has the power to reduce or exempt any good from these duties.<br />
<br />
Customs duty is payable as a percentage of ‘Value’ often called ‘Assessable Value’ or ‘Customs Value'. The Value may be either (a) ‘Value’ as defined in section 14 (1) of Customs Act or (b) Tariff value prescribed under section 14 (2) of Customs Act.<br />
<br />
<b>Additional (Countervailing) Duty of Customs</b>: This countervailing duty is leviable as additional duty on goods imported into the country and the rate structure of this duty is equal to the excise duty on like articles produced in India. The base of this additional duty is assessable value of imports plus the duty levied earlier.<br />
<br />
<b>Anti Dumping Duty on dumped articles: </b>Often, large manufacturer from abroad may export goods at very low prices compared to prices in his domestic market. Such dumping may be with intention to cripple domestic industry or to dispose of their excess stock. This is called ‘dumping'. In order to avoid such dumping, Central Government can impose, under section 9A of Customs Tariff Act, anti-dumping duty upto<br />
margin of dumping on such articles, if the goods are being sold at less than its normal value. Levy of such anti-dumping duty is permissible as per WTO (world trade organisation) agreement. <b>Anti dumping action can be taken only when there is an Indian industry producing 'like articles'.</b><br />
<b><br /></b>
<span style="font-weight: bold;">Safeguard duty: </span><br />
<div style="display: inline !important; font-weight: normal;">
Central Government is empowered to impose 'safeguard duty' on specified </div>
imported goods if Central Government is satisfied that the goods are being imported in large quantities and under such conditions that they are causing or threatening to cause serious injury to domestic industry. Such duty is permissible under WTO agreement. <b>Safeguard duty is a step in providing a need-based protection to domestic industry for a limited period, with ultimate objective of restoring free and fair competition</b><br />
<b><br /></b>
<b>Goods: </b>Customs duty is on ‘goods' as per section 12 of Customs Act.<br />
The duty is payable on goods belonging to Government as well as goods not belonging to Government. Section 2(22), gives inclusive definition of ‘goods' as - 'Goods' includes (a) vessels, aircrafts and vehicles (b) stores (c) baggage (d) currency and negotiable instruments and (e) any other kind of movable property.<br />
<b>Thus, ships or aircrafts brought for use in India or for carrying cargo for ports out of India would be dutiable.</b> Definition of goods has been kept quite wide as Customs Act is used not only to collect duty on ‘goods' but also to restrict/prohibit import or export of ‘goods' of any description.<br />
<b>Main two tests for ‘goods' are (a) they must be movable and (b) they must be marketable</b>. The<br />
very fact that goods are transported by sea/air/road means that they are ‘movable'. Since most of imports are on payment basis, test of ‘marketability' is obviously satisfied.<br />
<br />
<b>IMPORTED GOODS</b> - Section 2(25) define ‘imported goods' as any goods brought in India from a place outside India, but does not include goods which have been cleared for home consumption.<br />
Thus, <b>once goods are cleared by customs authorities from customs area, they are no longer ‘imported goods'</b>.(Though in common discussions, goods cleared from customs are also called<br />
'imported goods').<br />
<br />
<b>EXPORT GOODS</b> – As per section 2(19) of Customs Act, ‘export goods’ means any goods which are to be taken out of India to a place outside India. Goods brought near customs area for export purpose will be ‘export goods'. <b>Note that once goods leave Indian Territory, Indian laws have no control over</b><br />
<b>them and hence the term ‘exported goods' has not been used or defined.</b><br />
<br />
<b>Classification of goods</b><br />
Classification of goods is governed by a set of General Interpretative Rules. As per these Rules, classification is determined according to the terms of the Headings or Sub-headings or Chapter Notes. These Rules also<br />
provide that:<br />
- incomplete or unfinished article is to be classified as complete or finished article, if it has an essential character of the latter article. GIR 2(a)<br />
- Similarly a complete or fiinished article is imported in an unassembled or disassembled condition, is to be<br />
classified an complete or finished article and not as parts. GIR 2(a)<br />
<br />
<b>Valuation</b><br />
Valuation has to be on the basis of condition at the time of import –<br />
(a) CVD should be levied on goods in the stage in which they are imported - stage subsequent to processing of goods is not relevant -<br />
(b) It is well settled that the imported goods have to be assessed to duty in the condition in which they are imported.<br />
Valuation in Customs Act has to be done as per valuation rules. These rules are based on ‘WTO Valuation Agreement’ (Earlier termed as GATT Valuation Code). These rules are only for valuation of imported goods and not applicable to export goods.<br />
<br />
The Valuation Rules, 1988, based on WTO Valuation Agreement (earlier GATT Valuation Code); consist of rules providing six methods of valuation. The methods are:<br />
(a) Transaction Value of Imported goods<br />
(b) Transaction Value of Identical Goods<br />
(c) Transaction Value of Similar Goods<br />
(d) Deductive Value, which is based on identical or similar imported goods, sold in India.<br />
<br />
This method should be applied if transaction value of identical goods or similar goods is not available; but these products are sold in India. The assumption made in this method is that identical or similar imported goods are sold in India and its selling price in India is available. The sale should be in the same condition as they are imported. Assessable Value is calculated by reducing post- importation costs and expenses from this selling price. This is called ‘deductive value’ because assessable value has to be arrived at by method of deduction (deduction means arrive at by inference i.e. by making suitable additions/subtractions from a known price to arrive at required ‘Customs Value').<br />
<br />
(e) Computed value, which is based on cost of manufacture of goods plus profits<br />
(f) Residual method based on reasonable means and data available.<br />
<br />
The sixth and the last method is called “residual method”.It is also often termed as ‘fallback method’. This is similar to ‘best judgment method’ of the Central Excise. This method is used in cases where ‘Assessable Value’ cannot be determined by any of the preceding methods. While deciding Assessable Value under this method, reasonable means consistent with general provisions of these rules should be the basis and valuation should be on basis of data available in India. This method can be considered if valuation is notpossible by any other method<br />
<br />
These are to be applied in sequential order, i.e. if method one cannot be applied, then method two comes into force and when method two also cannot be applied, method three should be used and so on. The only exception is that the ‘computed value’ method may be used before ‘deductive value’ method, if the importer requests and Assessing Officer permits.<br />
<br />
<b>Valuation for CVD when goods are under MRP provisions –</b><br />
In respect of some consumer goods, excise duty is payable on basis of MRP (Maximum Retail Price) printed on the carton. If such goods are imported, CVD will be payable on basis of MRP printed on the packing. However, it has been clarified by DGFT vide policy circular No. 38(RE-2000) / 1997-2002 dated 22-1-2001 that labelling requirements for pre-packed commodities are applicable only when they are intended for retail sale. These are not applicable to raw materials, components, bulk imports etc. which will undergo further processing or assembly before they are sold to consume.<br />
<br />
<b>Valuation for Assessment of Export Goods</b><br />
Customs value of export goods is to be determined under section 14 (1) of Customs Act. Customs Valuation Rules are applicable only for imported goods. Thus, Assessable Value of export goods shall be “deemed to be the price at which such or like goods are ordinarily sold, or offered for sale, for delivery at the time and place of exportation in the course of international trade, where the seller and the buyer have no interest in the business of each other or one of them has no interest in the other, and the price is the sole<br />
consideration for the sale or offer for sale”.<br />
<br />
Normally, ‘FOB Value’ of exports will be the basis. If the export sale contract is a CIF contract, post exportation elements i.e. insurance and outward freight will have to be deducted. However, now many instances have come to notice where exported goods have been over-valued to get export benefits.<br />
<br />
Source: <span class="b w xsm" style="color: #1122cc; cursor: pointer; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: xx-small; font-weight: bold; line-height: 15px;">[PDF]</span><span style="background-color: white; color: #222222; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: x-small; line-height: 15px;"> </span><br />
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<a class="l" href="http://www.du.ac.in/fileadmin/DU/Academics/course_material/TM_20.pdf" style="color: #1122cc; cursor: pointer;">LESSON- 20 <em style="font-style: normal; font-weight: bold;">CUSTOMS</em> LAW- BASIC</a></h3>
<div class="s" style="background-color: white; color: #222222; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: small; line-height: 15px; max-width: 42em;">
<div class="f kv" style="color: #666666; margin-bottom: 1px;">
<cite style="color: #009933; font-style: normal;">www.du.ac.in/fileadmin/DU/Academics/course.../TM_20.pdf</cite></div>
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Hyd&Spookhttp://www.blogger.com/profile/18061172446704649416noreply@blogger.com1tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-8170933399396423373.post-41007031370741036552013-01-26T22:21:00.001+05:302013-01-26T22:21:06.769+05:30Congress Sessions and notable activities<div dir="ltr" style="text-align: left;" trbidi="on">
<span style="font-family: inherit;">Reproduced from:http://www.cssforum.com.pk/css-compulsory-subjects/pakistan-affairs/62454-pak-study-notes.html</span><br />
<span style="font-family: inherit;"><br /></span>
<span style="font-family: inherit;">Please feel free to add info and I shall try and update the list.- Spurthi</span><br />
<span style="background-color: #f7f7f7;"><b><span style="font-family: inherit;"><br /></span></b></span>
<span style="font-family: inherit;"><span style="background-color: #f7f7f7;"><b>Year Venue President Remark</b></span><br style="background-color: #f7f7f7;" /><span style="background-color: #f7f7f7;"><br /></span></span><br />
<span style="font-family: inherit;"><span style="background-color: #f7f7f7;">1885 Mumbai W.C.Bannerjee 72delegates</span><br style="background-color: #f7f7f7;" /><span style="background-color: #f7f7f7;">1886 Kolkata Dadabhai Naroji 436delegates</span><br style="background-color: #f7f7f7;" /><span style="background-color: #f7f7f7;">1887 Chennai Badruddin Tyabji First Muslim President</span><br style="background-color: #f7f7f7;" /><span style="background-color: #f7f7f7;">1888 Allahabad George Yule First English President</span><br style="background-color: #f7f7f7;" /><span style="background-color: #f7f7f7;">1889 Mumbai Sir William Wedderbum 1889 delegates</span><br style="background-color: #f7f7f7;" /><span style="background-color: #f7f7f7;">1892 Allahabad W.C. Bannjerjee </span><br style="background-color: #f7f7f7;" /><span style="background-color: #f7f7f7;">1895 Poona Surendranath Bannerji </span><br style="background-color: #f7f7f7;" /><span style="background-color: #f7f7f7;">1905 Lahore G.K. Gokhale </span><br style="background-color: #f7f7f7;" /><span style="background-color: #f7f7f7;">1906 Kolkata Dadabhai Naroji </span><br style="background-color: #f7f7f7;" /><span style="background-color: #f7f7f7;">1907 Surat Rashbehari Ghosh Congress split and session broke up</span><br style="background-color: #f7f7f7;" /><span style="background-color: #f7f7f7;">1908 Chennai Rashbehari Ghosh A constitution for the Congress</span><br style="background-color: #f7f7f7;" /><span style="background-color: #f7f7f7;">1915 Mumbai Sir S.P. Sinha </span><br style="background-color: #f7f7f7;" /><span style="background-color: #f7f7f7;">1916 Lucknow A.C.Majumdar Congress Merger and Pact with MuslimLeague</span><br style="background-color: #f7f7f7;" /><span style="background-color: #f7f7f7;">1917 Kolkata Mrs.Annie Besant First Woman president</span><br style="background-color: #f7f7f7;" /><span style="background-color: #f7f7f7;">1920 Nagpur C. Vijaya Raghavachariyar Change the constitution </span><span style="background-color: #f7f7f7;">the Congress</span><br style="background-color: #f7f7f7;" /><span style="background-color: #f7f7f7;">1922 Gaya C.R. Das Formation of Swaraj Party</span><br style="background-color: #f7f7f7;" /><span style="background-color: #f7f7f7;">1924 Begaon Mahatma Gandhi First time he became Indian President</span><br style="background-color: #f7f7f7;" /><span style="background-color: #f7f7f7;">1925 Cawnpore Mrs. Sarojini Naidu </span><br style="background-color: #f7f7f7;" /><span style="background-color: #f7f7f7;">1927 Chennai M.A. Ansari Independence Resolution Passed for </span><span style="background-color: #f7f7f7;">the first time on the instance of J.L. Nehru</span><br style="background-color: #f7f7f7;" /><span style="background-color: #f7f7f7;">1928 Kolkata Motilal Nehru First All India Youth Gongress</span><br style="background-color: #f7f7f7;" /><span style="background-color: #f7f7f7;">1929 Lahore Jawaharlal Nehru Poona Swaraj Resolution</span><br style="background-color: #f7f7f7;" /><span style="background-color: #f7f7f7;">1931 Karachi Vallabhbhai Patel Resolution on Fundamental Rights and </span><span style="background-color: #f7f7f7;">National Economic Policy</span><br style="background-color: #f7f7f7;" /><span style="background-color: #f7f7f7;">1934 Mumbai Rajendra Prasad Formation of Congress </span><span style="background-color: #f7f7f7;">Socialist party</span><br style="background-color: #f7f7f7;" /><span style="background-color: #f7f7f7;">1936 Lucknow Jawaharlal Nehru </span><br style="background-color: #f7f7f7;" /><span style="background-color: #f7f7f7;">1937 Faizpur Jawaharlal Nehru First session to be held </span><span style="background-color: #f7f7f7;">in a village</span><br style="background-color: #f7f7f7;" /><span style="background-color: #f7f7f7;">1938 Haripura Subhash Chandra </span><span style="background-color: #f7f7f7;">Bose </span><br style="background-color: #f7f7f7;" /><span style="background-color: #f7f7f7;">1939 Tripuri Subhash Chandra Bose Resignation of S.C. Bose (Rajendra Prasad took over) and formation of power Block</span><br style="background-color: #f7f7f7;" /><span style="background-color: #f7f7f7;">1946 Meerut Jawahar Lal Nehru </span><br style="background-color: #f7f7f7;" /><span style="background-color: #f7f7f7;">1947 J.B. Kriplani </span></span></div>
Hyd&Spookhttp://www.blogger.com/profile/18061172446704649416noreply@blogger.com1tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-8170933399396423373.post-59789305234505157012013-01-26T17:28:00.002+05:302013-01-26T17:28:14.705+05:30Facts about Congress' Foundation in 1885<div dir="ltr" style="text-align: left;" trbidi="on">
<br />
<ul style="background-color: #f7f7f7;">
<li><span style="font-family: inherit;">The significance of A.O. Hume’s involvement was to remove official hostility.</span></li>
<li><span style="font-family: inherit;">The first Session at Gokuldas Tejpal Sanskrit College in Mumbai.</span></li>
<li><span style="font-family: inherit;">The first president was Womesh Chandra Bannerjee of Bengal.</span></li>
<li><span style="font-family: inherit;">It was attended by 100 men of whom 72 were non-officials and were recongnised as members.</span></li>
<li><span style="font-family: inherit;">The founder members were PherozshahMehta, Badruddin Tayabji, W.C. Banerjee, Romesh Chandra Dutt, Dadabhai Naroji etc.</span></li>
<li><span style="font-family: inherit;">Initially it was named Indian National Union.</span></li>
<li><span style="font-family: inherit;">The name Indian National Congress was on the suggestion of Dadabhai Nauroji.</span></li>
<li><span style="font-family: inherit;">Earlier Poona was selected for the venue, but it had to be shifted to Mumbai because of the outbreak of Cholera in Poona.</span></li>
<li><span style="font-family: inherit;">The Governor-General of India at the time of its foundation was Lord Dufferin.</span></li>
<li><span style="font-family: inherit;">Among the classes, the educated middle class had the largest share in the beginning.</span></li>
<li><span style="font-family: inherit;">The legal profession was most heavily represented among the professions.</span></li>
<li><span style="font-family: inherit;">The Brahmins among the castes were comparatively large in number.</span></li>
<li><span style="font-family: inherit;">Among the provinces, Mumbai, Kolkata and Chennai took the leading part.</span></li>
<li><span style="font-family: inherit;">Landed classes and the masses were absent.</span></li>
<li><span style="font-family: inherit;">Foundation of “British Committee of the Congress” in 1889 by Dada Bhai Nauroji, A.O. Hume and William Wedderburn to influence British Public opinion at London.</span></li>
<li><span style="font-family: inherit;">Dada Bhai started the journal ‘India’ in 1890.i</span></li>
</ul>
<div>
<br /></div>
<div>
<span style="font-family: inherit;">Source: http://www.cssforum.com.pk/css-compulsory-subjects/pakistan-affairs/62454-pak-study-notes.html</span></div>
</div>
Hyd&Spookhttp://www.blogger.com/profile/18061172446704649416noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-8170933399396423373.post-68037058763196798582013-01-26T17:23:00.001+05:302013-01-26T17:23:45.892+05:30Viceroys and Governor-Generals of British India, 1757-1947<div dir="ltr" style="text-align: left;" trbidi="on">
<span style="background-color: #f7f7f7;"><span style="font-family: inherit;">Hello All,</span></span><br />
<span style="background-color: #f7f7f7;"><span style="font-family: inherit;"><br /></span></span>
<span style="background-color: #f7f7f7;"><span style="font-family: inherit;">Please find below short notes on the activities and achievements of various governors and viceroys of India. I have reproduced this content from, prepare to be surprised- a Study Forum of civil service aspirants of Pakistan: </span></span><br />
<span style="font-family: inherit;"><br /></span>
<span style="font-family: inherit;">http://www.cssforum.com.pk/css-compulsory-subjects/pakistan-affairs/62454-pak-study-notes.html. </span><br />
<span style="font-family: inherit;"><br /></span>
<span style="font-family: inherit;">Were you surprised? I certainly was, when I first came across this site many months ago. And believe it, some of the content they were studying was from our IGNOU notes. So the circle comes full. And am including all of us in it too by sharing this content. :)</span><br />
<span style="font-family: inherit;"><br /></span>
<span style="font-family: inherit;">I cannot vouch for the total factual correctness of the content below, but I believe most of it would be correct. Thanks to UmarBajwa for posting this information on the original site.</span><br />
<span style="font-family: inherit;"><br /></span>
<span style="font-family: inherit;">Happy studying :)</span><br />
<span style="font-family: inherit;"><br /></span>
<span style="font-family: inherit;">Spurthi</span><br />
<span style="font-family: inherit;"><b><br /></b></span>
<b style="background-color: #f7f7f7; font-family: inherit;">Robert Clive (1757-67) (1766-67)</b><br />
<span style="font-family: inherit;"><span style="background-color: #f7f7f7;">Governor of Bengal from 1757-60 and again from 1765-67.</span><br style="background-color: #f7f7f7;" /><span style="background-color: #f7f7f7;">Started dual Government in Bengal in 1765.</span><br style="background-color: #f7f7f7;" /><span style="background-color: #f7f7f7;">He forbade the servants of the company from indulging in private trade and made payment of internal duties obligatory.</span><br style="background-color: #f7f7f7;" /><span style="background-color: #f7f7f7;">Established Society of Trade in 1765 with monopoly of trade in salt, betelnuit and tobacco However this was abolished in 1767.</span><br style="background-color: #f7f7f7;" /><span style="background-color: #f7f7f7;">Bengal white Mutiny-by white brigades at Allahabad and Monghyr, they were arrested and tried.</span><br style="background-color: #f7f7f7;" /><br style="background-color: #f7f7f7;" /><b style="background-color: #f7f7f7;">Warren Hasting (1772-85)</b><br style="background-color: #f7f7f7;" /><span style="background-color: #f7f7f7;">First Governor General after serving as the Governor of Bengal (1772).</span><br style="background-color: #f7f7f7;" /><span style="background-color: #f7f7f7;">Introduced quinquennial settlement of land revenue in 1772 farming out lands to the highest bidder, later on he reversed to annual settlement (1777) on the basis of open auction to the highest bidder.</span><br style="background-color: #f7f7f7;" /><span style="background-color: #f7f7f7;">Made the appointment of collectors and other revenue officials.</span><br style="background-color: #f7f7f7;" /><span style="background-color: #f7f7f7;">Codified Hindu and Muslim laws.</span><br style="background-color: #f7f7f7;" /><span style="background-color: #f7f7f7;">Trial of Nand Kumar and his judicial murder in 1775.</span><br style="background-color: #f7f7f7;" /><span style="background-color: #f7f7f7;">6. Fondation of Asiastic Society of Bengal with the help of Sir William Jones in 1784.</span><br style="background-color: #f7f7f7;" /><span style="background-color: #f7f7f7;">Associated with the Chait Singh (Raj of Banaras) affair (1778).</span><br style="background-color: #f7f7f7;" /><span style="background-color: #f7f7f7;">Associated with Bengams of Oudh affair (1782).</span><br style="background-color: #f7f7f7;" /><span style="background-color: #f7f7f7;">After his return of England in 1785, impeachment proceedings were initiated against him in the house of Lords but after a long trial of 7 years he was eventually acquitted.</span><br style="background-color: #f7f7f7;" /><span style="background-color: #f7f7f7;">Dual Govt. was abolished in 1772 by him.</span><br style="background-color: #f7f7f7;" /><span style="background-color: #f7f7f7;">In 1776 Manu’s Law was Translated into English as Code of Gentoo Laws.</span><br style="background-color: #f7f7f7;" /><span style="background-color: #f7f7f7;">In 1991 William Jones and Colebrok prepared digest of Hindu Laws.</span><br style="background-color: #f7f7f7;" /><span style="background-color: #f7f7f7;">Fatawa-i-Alamgiri was also tranlated.</span></span><br />
<a name='more'></a><span style="font-family: inherit;"><br style="background-color: #f7f7f7;" /><b style="background-color: #f7f7f7;">Lord Cornawallis (1786-93)</b><br style="background-color: #f7f7f7;" /><span style="background-color: #f7f7f7;">Set up courts at different levels and separation of revenue administration from judicial administration in order to reform the judiciary.</span><br style="background-color: #f7f7f7;" /><span style="background-color: #f7f7f7;">Introduced Cornwallis Code based on the principle of separation of powers in 1793.</span><br style="background-color: #f7f7f7;" /><span style="background-color: #f7f7f7;">Superintendent of Police was made the head of district police and became the incharge of an area of 1000 sq. km. Besides the English magistrates were given police powers and the Zamindars were divested of all police powers.</span><br style="background-color: #f7f7f7;" /><span style="background-color: #f7f7f7;">A ten-year settlement was concluded with the Zamindars in 1790 which was made permanent in 1793 (came to be known as Permanent Settlement of 1793.</span><br style="background-color: #f7f7f7;" /><span style="background-color: #f7f7f7;">Raised salaries of the officials. Collectors were to get 1% of the revenue collection in addition to their salary of Rs. 1500.</span><br style="background-color: #f7f7f7;" /><br style="background-color: #f7f7f7;" /><b style="background-color: #f7f7f7;">Lord Wellesley (1793-1798)</b><br style="background-color: #f7f7f7;" /><span style="background-color: #f7f7f7;">Described himself as Bengal Tiger.</span><br style="background-color: #f7f7f7;" /><span style="background-color: #f7f7f7;">Created Madras Presidency after the annexation of the Kingdoms of Tanjore and Carnatic. </span><br style="background-color: #f7f7f7;" /><span style="background-color: #f7f7f7;">Introduced the system of Subsidiary Alliance in 1798 which provided for defence of an Indian state by the British, stationing of British Subsidiary Force in the territory, the maintenance of which was to be borne by the ruler, stationing of a British Resident at the headquarters of the state and British control over the external affairs of the state.</span><br style="background-color: #f7f7f7;" /><span style="background-color: #f7f7f7;">The States that signed the alliance were first Hyderabad in 1798 and them Mysore, Tanjore, Awadh, Jodhpur, Jaipur, Macheri, Bundi, Bharatpur, Berar and the Peshwar.</span><br style="background-color: #f7f7f7;" /><span style="background-color: #f7f7f7;">Signed Treaty of Bassein (1802) with the Peshwa and fought second Anglo-Maratha war during 1803-05.</span><br style="background-color: #f7f7f7;" /><span style="background-color: #f7f7f7;">Lord Lake captured Delhi and Agra in 1803 and the Mughal emperor was pur under company’s protection.</span><br style="background-color: #f7f7f7;" /><br style="background-color: #f7f7f7;" /><b style="background-color: #f7f7f7;">Lord Minto-I (1807-1813)</b><br style="background-color: #f7f7f7;" /><span style="background-color: #f7f7f7;">Signed Treaty of Amritsar in 1809 between Ranjit Singh and English.</span><br style="background-color: #f7f7f7;" /><span style="background-color: #f7f7f7;">Sent in 1808 mission of Malcom of Persia and that of Elphinstone to Kabul.</span><br style="background-color: #f7f7f7;" /><br style="background-color: #f7f7f7;" /><b style="background-color: #f7f7f7;">Lord Hastings (1813-1823)</b><br style="background-color: #f7f7f7;" /><span style="background-color: #f7f7f7;">He was made Marquis of Hastings due to his success in the Gokha wasr of the Anglo- Nepalese war (1813-23).</span><br style="background-color: #f7f7f7;" /><span style="background-color: #f7f7f7;">Signed Treaty of Sanguali after defeating the Gorkha leader Amar Singh.</span><br style="background-color: #f7f7f7;" /><span style="background-color: #f7f7f7;">Abolished Peshwaship & annexed of his territories in the Bombay Presidency after the Third Anglo-Maratha was (1818).</span><br style="background-color: #f7f7f7;" /><span style="background-color: #f7f7f7;">Pindari War (1817-1818).</span><br style="background-color: #f7f7f7;" /><span style="background-color: #f7f7f7;">Introduction of Ryotwari settlement in Madras Presidency by Governor, Thomas Munro (1820).</span><br style="background-color: #f7f7f7;" /><span style="background-color: #f7f7f7;">Mahalwari (village community) system of land revenue was made in North-West Province by James Thomson.</span><br style="background-color: #f7f7f7;" /><br style="background-color: #f7f7f7;" /><b style="background-color: #f7f7f7;">Lord Ahmerst (1813-1828)</b><br style="background-color: #f7f7f7;" /><span style="background-color: #f7f7f7;">Received by the Mughal emperor (Akbar II) on terms of equality in 1827.</span><br style="background-color: #f7f7f7;" /><span style="background-color: #f7f7f7;">Signed Treaty of Yaudaboo in 1826 with lower Burma of pegu by which British merchants were allowed to settle on southern coast of Burma and Rangoon.</span><br style="background-color: #f7f7f7;" /><br style="background-color: #f7f7f7;" /><b style="background-color: #f7f7f7;">Lord William Bentinck (1828-35)</b><br style="background-color: #f7f7f7;" /><span style="background-color: #f7f7f7;">Known as the Benevolent Governor-General</span><br style="background-color: #f7f7f7;" /><span style="background-color: #f7f7f7;">Introduced a number of social reforms. Banned the practice of Sati in 1829 (pionnerring efforts made in this connection by Raja Ram Mohan Roy), suppressed Thugi in 1830 (Millitary operation led by William Sleeman).</span><br style="background-color: #f7f7f7;" /><span style="background-color: #f7f7f7;">Defined the aims and objectives of the educational policy of the British Governmentappointed Lord Macualay, the President of the Committee of Public Instruction which recommended English as the medium of instruction and introduction of English language, Literature, Social and Natural Science in the curriculam in 1835.</span><br style="background-color: #f7f7f7;" /><span style="background-color: #f7f7f7;">Banned female infanticide.</span><br style="background-color: #f7f7f7;" /><span style="background-color: #f7f7f7;">Created the Province of Agra in 1834.</span><br style="background-color: #f7f7f7;" /><span style="background-color: #f7f7f7;">English was to be court language at higher courts but Persian continued in lower courts.</span><br style="background-color: #f7f7f7;" /><span style="background-color: #f7f7f7;">The Regulation of 1833 on land revenue settlement by Mertins Bird (called father of land-revenue settlement in the North). Use of fields maps and filed registrars were prescribed for the first time.</span><br style="background-color: #f7f7f7;" /><span style="background-color: #f7f7f7;">Sir Charle Metacalfe (1835-36)</span><br style="background-color: #f7f7f7;" /><span style="background-color: #f7f7f7;">Abolished restriction on press.</span><br style="background-color: #f7f7f7;" /><span style="background-color: #f7f7f7;">Called “Liberator of press”.</span><br style="background-color: #f7f7f7;" /><br style="background-color: #f7f7f7;" /><b style="background-color: #f7f7f7;">Lord Auckland (1836-42)</b><br style="background-color: #f7f7f7;" /><span style="background-color: #f7f7f7;">Tripatriate Treaty was signed between the company Ranjit Singh and Shah Shuja by which</span><br style="background-color: #f7f7f7;" /><span style="background-color: #f7f7f7;">Ranjit Singh accepted company’s mediation in disputes Amirs (sind).</span><br style="background-color: #f7f7f7;" /><span style="background-color: #f7f7f7;">Shah Shuja conceded his sovereign right to the company over Sind on condition of receiving the arrears of the tribute, the amount of which was to be determined by the company.</span><br style="background-color: #f7f7f7;" /><span style="background-color: #f7f7f7;">Mandavi state was annexed in 1839.</span><br style="background-color: #f7f7f7;" /><br style="background-color: #f7f7f7;" /><b style="background-color: #f7f7f7;">Lord Ellenborough (1942-44)</b><br style="background-color: #f7f7f7;" /><span style="background-color: #f7f7f7;">Annexation of Sindh to British Empire (1843).</span><br style="background-color: #f7f7f7;" /><span style="background-color: #f7f7f7;">Charles Napier was replaced by Major Outram as the Resident in Sind.</span><br style="background-color: #f7f7f7;" /><span style="background-color: #f7f7f7;">On the annexation of Sind, Charles Napier commented - we have no right to seize yet we shall do and a very advantages, useful, Humane piece of rascality it will be.</span><br style="background-color: #f7f7f7;" /><span style="background-color: #f7f7f7;">Disagreeing to Napier’s policy in Sind, Major Outram wrote to him-I am sick of your policy I wll not say yours is the best, but it is undoubtedly the shortest that of the sword. Oh, I how wish you had drawn it in a better curse.</span><br style="background-color: #f7f7f7;" /><br style="background-color: #f7f7f7;" /><b style="background-color: #f7f7f7;">Lord Dalhausie (1849-56)</b><br style="background-color: #f7f7f7;" /><span style="background-color: #f7f7f7;">Introduced the policy of Doctrine of Lapse of Law of Escheat which postulated that Indian States having no natural heir would be annexed to the British Empire. The Indian States annexed by the application of his doctrine were Satara (1848), Jaipur and Sambalpur (1849), Baghat (1850), Baghat (1850), Udaipur (1852), Jhansi (1853) and Nagpur (1854). </span><br style="background-color: #f7f7f7;" /><span style="background-color: #f7f7f7;">In troduced Wood’s despatch known as the Magna Carta of English education in India prepared by Charles Wood the President of the Board of control in 1854 on education in suggested a scheme of education from the primary to the university level. It recommended, establishment of Anglovemacular Schools in districts, government colleges in important towns and universities in presidency towns and introduction of vermacular languages as the medium of introduction.</span><br style="background-color: #f7f7f7;" /><span style="background-color: #f7f7f7;">Boosted up the development of railways-laid the first railway line in 1853 from Bombay to thane and second from Calcutta to Raniganj.</span><br style="background-color: #f7f7f7;" /><span style="background-color: #f7f7f7;">Gave a great impetus to post and telegraph. Telegraph lines were laid. (First line from Calcutta to Agra).</span><br style="background-color: #f7f7f7;" /><span style="background-color: #f7f7f7;">Organised a separate Public Works Department by divesting the Malitary Board of this power.</span><br style="background-color: #f7f7f7;" /><span style="background-color: #f7f7f7;">Shmla was made summer capital and army headquarter.</span><br style="background-color: #f7f7f7;" /><span style="background-color: #f7f7f7;">Hindu widow remarriage Act was passed in 1856.</span><br style="background-color: #f7f7f7;" /><span style="background-color: #f7f7f7;">Annexed Awadh in 1856 on excuse of misgovernment when nawab Wajid Ali Shah refused to abdicate.</span><br style="background-color: #f7f7f7;" /><br style="background-color: #f7f7f7;" /><b style="background-color: #f7f7f7;">Lord Canning (1856-62)</b><br style="background-color: #f7f7f7;" /><span style="background-color: #f7f7f7;">Queen Victoria’s Proclamatior and passing of the Indian Act of 1856.</span><br style="background-color: #f7f7f7;" /><span style="background-color: #f7f7f7;">Doctrine of Lapse started by Lord Dalhausie was officially withdrawn in 1859.</span><br style="background-color: #f7f7f7;" /><span style="background-color: #f7f7f7;">Foundation of the universities at Calcutta, Bombay and Madras in 1857. 4. Indigo revolt in Bengali in 1858-60.</span><br style="background-color: #f7f7f7;" /><span style="background-color: #f7f7f7;">White Mutiny by the European trooops of the EICO in 1859.</span><br style="background-color: #f7f7f7;" /><span style="background-color: #f7f7f7;">Bahadur Shah was sent to Rangoon (Burma).</span><br style="background-color: #f7f7f7;" /><br style="background-color: #f7f7f7;" /><b style="background-color: #f7f7f7;">Lord Elgin (1862-63)</b><br style="background-color: #f7f7f7;" /><span style="background-color: #f7f7f7;">Suppressed the Wahabi movement.</span><br style="background-color: #f7f7f7;" /><br style="background-color: #f7f7f7;" /><b style="background-color: #f7f7f7;">Sir John Lowrance (1864-69)</b><br style="background-color: #f7f7f7;" /><span style="background-color: #f7f7f7;">Followed a policy of rigid non-interference in Afghanistan called Policy of Masterly Inactivity.</span><br style="background-color: #f7f7f7;" /><span style="background-color: #f7f7f7;">Set up High Courts at Calcutta, Bombay and Madras (865).</span><br style="background-color: #f7f7f7;" /><br style="background-color: #f7f7f7;" /><b style="background-color: #f7f7f7;">Lord Lyttan (1876-80)</b><br style="background-color: #f7f7f7;" /><span style="background-color: #f7f7f7;">Passing of the Royal Title Act of 1876 and the assumption of the title Express of India (Kaiseri- Hind) by Queen Victoria.</span><br style="background-color: #f7f7f7;" /><span style="background-color: #f7f7f7;">Holding of Delhi Durbar in 1877.</span><br style="background-color: #f7f7f7;" /><span style="background-color: #f7f7f7;">Passing of Vernacular Press Act of 1878 which empowered a magistrate to call upon the printer and publisher of any vermacular newspaper to enter in into an undertaking not to publish any news which would create antipathy against the government.</span><br style="background-color: #f7f7f7;" /><br style="background-color: #f7f7f7;" /><span style="background-color: #f7f7f7;">Passing of Arms Act of 1878 which declared keeping, bearing and trafficking in arms without a licence a criminal offence (The Europeans, Anglo-Indians and same categories of government officials were exempted).</span><br style="background-color: #f7f7f7;" /><span style="background-color: #f7f7f7;">Lowering of the maximum age from 21 yrs. to 19 yrs. for the Civil Services Examination - an attempt to prevent Indians from entering Civil Services.</span><br style="background-color: #f7f7f7;" /><span style="background-color: #f7f7f7;">Appointment of the first Famine Commission under Sir Richard Strachey. Policy of Masterly inactivity towards Afghanistan was replaced by Forward Policy.</span><br style="background-color: #f7f7f7;" /><span style="background-color: #f7f7f7;">Started statutory civil services.</span><br style="background-color: #f7f7f7;" /><br style="background-color: #f7f7f7;" /><b style="background-color: #f7f7f7;">Lord Ripon (1880-84)</b><br style="background-color: #f7f7f7;" /><span style="background-color: #f7f7f7;">Passing of the first Factory Act in 1881 for the welfare of child labour.</span><br style="background-color: #f7f7f7;" /><span style="background-color: #f7f7f7;">Repeal of Vernacular Press Act in 1882.</span><br style="background-color: #f7f7f7;" /><span style="background-color: #f7f7f7;">Foundation of local Self-Government (1882) - passing of local Self-Government acts in various provinces during the period 1883-85.</span><br style="background-color: #f7f7f7;" /><span style="background-color: #f7f7f7;">Holding of first decennial & regular censes in 1881 which put the total population at the figure 254 millions.</span><br style="background-color: #f7f7f7;" /><span style="background-color: #f7f7f7;">Financial decentralisation in 1882 which was earlier initiated by Lord Mayo.</span><br style="background-color: #f7f7f7;" /><span style="background-color: #f7f7f7;">Appointment of an education commission under Sir William Hunter in 1882.</span><br style="background-color: #f7f7f7;" /><span style="background-color: #f7f7f7;">The Ilbert Bill controversy, 1883-84 relating to passing of a bill, framed by the law member of the Viceroy’s Council Sir C.P. libert which abolished judicial disqualification based on race. There was a strong protest on the part of the Europeans particularly the English and eventually under pressure the government amended the bill and provided for the rights of the European to claim trial by jury of 12, out of which at least 7 were to be European.</span><br style="background-color: #f7f7f7;" /><span style="background-color: #f7f7f7;">Famine Code in 1883.</span><br style="background-color: #f7f7f7;" /><span style="background-color: #f7f7f7;">He usually said “Judge me by my works and not by my words”.</span><br style="background-color: #f7f7f7;" /><br style="background-color: #f7f7f7;" /><b style="background-color: #f7f7f7;">Lord Dufferin (1884-88)</b><br style="background-color: #f7f7f7;" /><span style="background-color: #f7f7f7;">Commented on the Congress being a microscope minority in 1888.</span><br style="background-color: #f7f7f7;" /><br style="background-color: #f7f7f7;" /><b style="background-color: #f7f7f7;">Lord Lansdowne (1888-94)</b><br style="background-color: #f7f7f7;" /><span style="background-color: #f7f7f7;">passed the Age of Consent Act in 1891 which forbade marriage of girl below 12.</span><br style="background-color: #f7f7f7;" /><br style="background-color: #f7f7f7;" /><b style="background-color: #f7f7f7;">Lord Elgim-II (1894-99)</b><br style="background-color: #f7f7f7;" /><span style="background-color: #f7f7f7;">Famine in part of Rajasthan - Lyli Commission appointed to look into the cause of femines.</span><br style="background-color: #f7f7f7;" /><br style="background-color: #f7f7f7;" /><b style="background-color: #f7f7f7;">Lord Curzon (1899-1905)</b><br style="background-color: #f7f7f7;" /><span style="background-color: #f7f7f7;">Creation of a new province called the North West Frontier Province.</span><br style="background-color: #f7f7f7;" /><span style="background-color: #f7f7f7;">Appointment of a Police Commission under the president ship of Sir andrew Frazer to inquire into the police administration in 1902-03. It recommended for enhancement in salaries and creation of a department of Criminal intelligence.</span><br style="background-color: #f7f7f7;" /><span style="background-color: #f7f7f7;">Creation oa a new Department of Commerce and Industry.</span><br style="background-color: #f7f7f7;" /><span style="background-color: #f7f7f7;">Passing of Ancient Monuments Protection Act in 1904 for the preservation of India’s Cultural heritage. This was followed by the foundation of Archeological Survey of India.</span><br style="background-color: #f7f7f7;" /><span style="background-color: #f7f7f7;">Appointed Mac Donell Commission on Famine in 1900.</span><br style="background-color: #f7f7f7;" /><span style="background-color: #f7f7f7;">Appointed Moncrief Commssion on irrigation in 1902.</span><br style="background-color: #f7f7f7;" /><span style="background-color: #f7f7f7;">His biography has been written by ronaldshay - The life of Lord Curzon.</span><br style="background-color: #f7f7f7;" /><br style="background-color: #f7f7f7;" /><b style="background-color: #f7f7f7;">Lord Minto-I (1905-10)</b><br style="background-color: #f7f7f7;" /><span style="background-color: #f7f7f7;">S.P. Sinha was appointed a member of Governor-Generals council.</span><br style="background-color: #f7f7f7;" /><br style="background-color: #f7f7f7;" /><b style="background-color: #f7f7f7;">Lord Hardinge (1910-16)</b><br style="background-color: #f7f7f7;" /><span style="background-color: #f7f7f7;">Coronation Durban in 1911 at Delhi in the honour of George V.</span><br style="background-color: #f7f7f7;" /><span style="background-color: #f7f7f7;">A separate state of Bihar and Orissa was created in 1911.</span><br style="background-color: #f7f7f7;" /><span style="background-color: #f7f7f7;">A bomb was throuwn on his carriage at Chandni Chowk in Delhi in 1912 while he was entering the capital.</span><br style="background-color: #f7f7f7;" /><br style="background-color: #f7f7f7;" /><b style="background-color: #f7f7f7;">Lord Chelmsord (1916-21)</b><br style="background-color: #f7f7f7;" /><span style="background-color: #f7f7f7;">Foundation of Women’s University at Poona in 1916.</span><br style="background-color: #f7f7f7;" /><span style="background-color: #f7f7f7;">Hunter Committee was constituted on Punjab wrongs.</span><br style="background-color: #f7f7f7;" /><span style="background-color: #f7f7f7;">Chambers of Princess was established in 1921.</span><br style="background-color: #f7f7f7;" /><br style="background-color: #f7f7f7;" /><b style="background-color: #f7f7f7;">Lord Reading (1921-26)</b><br style="background-color: #f7f7f7;" /><span style="background-color: #f7f7f7;">Foundation of Rashtriya Swayam Sevak Sang (RSS) by K.B. Hedgewar at Nagpur in 1925.</span><br style="background-color: #f7f7f7;" /><span style="background-color: #f7f7f7;">Beginning of Indianisation of the officers cadre of the Indian army.</span><br style="background-color: #f7f7f7;" /><span style="background-color: #f7f7f7;">Railway budget was separated from General Budget in 1925. Skeen Committee or Indian Sandhurst Committee on Army reforms was appointed in 1925. It submitted its report to 1926.</span><br style="background-color: #f7f7f7;" /><span style="background-color: #f7f7f7;">Lee Commission on Public Service in 1924, Report Submitted in 1924.</span><br style="background-color: #f7f7f7;" /><span style="background-color: #f7f7f7;">Young Hilton Committee on Currency (1926).</span><br style="background-color: #f7f7f7;" /><br style="background-color: #f7f7f7;" /><b style="background-color: #f7f7f7;">Lord Irwin (1926-31)</b><br style="background-color: #f7f7f7;" /><span style="background-color: #f7f7f7;">Popularly known as Christan Viceroy.</span><br style="background-color: #f7f7f7;" /><span style="background-color: #f7f7f7;">Appointment of the Indian States Commission under. Harcourt Butler (1927) to recommend measures for the establishment of better relations between the Indian states and the Central government.</span><br style="background-color: #f7f7f7;" /><span style="background-color: #f7f7f7;">Deepavali Declaration (1929) that India would be granted Dominion status in due course.</span><br style="background-color: #f7f7f7;" /><span style="background-color: #f7f7f7;">Royal commssion on Indian Labour was appointed (1929), Report (1931).</span><br style="background-color: #f7f7f7;" /><span style="background-color: #f7f7f7;">Sard Act was passed in 1929 Marriages of girl below 14 and boys below 18 years of age was prohibited.</span><br style="background-color: #f7f7f7;" /><br style="background-color: #f7f7f7;" /><b style="background-color: #f7f7f7;">Lord Willington (1931-36)</b><br style="background-color: #f7f7f7;" /><span style="background-color: #f7f7f7;">Communal Award in August 1932.</span><br style="background-color: #f7f7f7;" /><span style="background-color: #f7f7f7;">Third Round Table Conference (1932)</span><br style="background-color: #f7f7f7;" /><span style="background-color: #f7f7f7;">White Paper on political reforms in India was published (1933).</span><br style="background-color: #f7f7f7;" /><span style="background-color: #f7f7f7;">Burma and Aden was separated from the British Empire (1935).</span><br style="background-color: #f7f7f7;" /><span style="background-color: #f7f7f7;">Orissa, Bihar and Sind were made new States (1935)</span><br style="background-color: #f7f7f7;" /><span style="background-color: #f7f7f7;">Lees-Mody Pact (October 1933) by this Bombay textiles group agreed to further preferences for British textiles in place of Japanese Imports in return for a Lancaashire promise to buy more Indian raw cotton.</span><br style="background-color: #f7f7f7;" /><span style="background-color: #f7f7f7;">Muslim Conference was founded in Kashmir (1932), renamed National Conference in 1938. Important leaders Sheikh Abdullah and P.N. Bazaz.</span><br style="background-color: #f7f7f7;" /><br style="background-color: #f7f7f7;" /><b style="background-color: #f7f7f7;">Lord Linlithgow (1936-43)</b><br style="background-color: #f7f7f7;" /><span style="background-color: #f7f7f7;">October offer by the Vicroy in which he declaraed the Dominion status as the ultimate goal of British policy in India.</span><br style="background-color: #f7f7f7;" /><span style="background-color: #f7f7f7;">At its Haripura Session (February, 1939) Congress declared Poorna Swaraj ideal to cover native states and British India.</span><br style="background-color: #f7f7f7;" /><br style="background-color: #f7f7f7;" /><b style="background-color: #f7f7f7;">Lord Wavell (1943-47)</b><br style="background-color: #f7f7f7;" /><span style="background-color: #f7f7f7;">Wavell Plan and Shimla conference. Congress represented by Maulana Azad.</span><br style="background-color: #f7f7f7;" /><span style="background-color: #f7f7f7;">RIN mutiny (1946).</span><br style="background-color: #f7f7f7;" /><span style="background-color: #f7f7f7;">Interim Goverfnment was formed (September 2, 1946).</span><br style="background-color: #f7f7f7;" /><span style="background-color: #f7f7f7;">Prime Minister of Britain Clement Attlee announced independence of India by June 1948. (February 20, 1947).</span><br style="background-color: #f7f7f7;" /><br style="background-color: #f7f7f7;" /><b style="background-color: #f7f7f7;">Lord Mountbatten (1947-48)</b><br style="background-color: #f7f7f7;" /><span style="background-color: #f7f7f7;">Earlier proposed Plan-Balkan i.e. total dismemberament of the Indian territory but soon lieft the idea.</span><br style="background-color: #f7f7f7;" /><span style="background-color: #f7f7f7;">Made it clear to the Princely states that they shall not be granted separate independence and they will have to join either India or Pakistan.</span><br style="background-color: #f7f7f7;" /><span style="background-color: #f7f7f7;">His plan to make India free on August 15, 1947 is also known as 3rd June Plan.</span><br style="background-color: #f7f7f7;" /><span style="background-color: #f7f7f7;">G.G. Council held meeting of two kinds one was ordinary meetings which were associated with executive business. Second was known as legislative, meetings which were for making laws & regulations. Executive Council & Legislative Council were two terms used to indicate two separate functions of council.</span><br style="background-color: #f7f7f7;" /><span style="background-color: #f7f7f7;">Act introduced concept of porfolio system. Members of G.G. Council were made incharge of separate departments.</span></span></div>
Hyd&Spookhttp://www.blogger.com/profile/18061172446704649416noreply@blogger.com8tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-8170933399396423373.post-63625731061621831902013-01-26T16:58:00.002+05:302013-01-26T16:58:46.818+05:30Tamralipta National Government, 1942-44<div dir="ltr" style="text-align: left;" trbidi="on">
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<span style="background-color: transparent; text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: inherit;">The ‘Quit India’ Movement of 1942 was a watershed in India’s struggle for freedom. A unique feature of the ‘Movement’ was formation of a series of independent local Governments in some parts of the country, like Satara in Maharashtra, Ballia in Uttar Pradesh and Tamluk in West Bengal. </span></span><br />
<span style="background-color: transparent; text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: inherit;"><br /></span></span>
<span style="background-color: transparent; text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: inherit;">Among these, the ‘Tamralipta Jatiya Sarkar’ (National Government) of Tamluk was really innovative since it set up Police Stations, Military Departments, Courts and even a system for revenue collection. They also had an active women's wings- Bidyut Bahini. Those who played important roles in the uprising in Tamluk included Ajoy Kumar Mukherjee and Matangini Hazra, among others. The Sarkar continued to function till August 1944, when taking note of the changed circumstances, Mahatma Gandhi advised to wind up its activities.5</span></span><br />
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<span style="background-color: transparent; text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: inherit;"><br /></span></span></div>
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<span style="background-color: transparent; text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: inherit;">President Pranab Mukherjee unveiled statues of three freedom fighters who led the Tamralipta Jatiya Sarkar:</span></span></div>
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<span style="background-color: white; color: #3b3a39; line-height: 17.984375px;"><span style="font-family: inherit;">Ajoy Mukherjee, </span></span></div>
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<span style="background-color: white; color: #3b3a39; line-height: 17.984375px;"><span style="font-family: inherit;">Satish Chandra Samanta and </span></span></div>
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<span style="background-color: white; color: #3b3a39; line-height: 17.984375px;"><span style="font-family: inherit;">Sushil Kumar Dhara.</span></span></div>
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<span style="background-color: white; color: #3b3a39; line-height: 17.984375px;"><span style="font-family: inherit;"><a name='more'></a><br /></span></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: inherit;">Sushil Kumar Dhara died in 2011. In an interview before his death he recounted, "It was indeed a parallel Government with a judiciary and a law and order machinery. The Government helped the poor and the distressed. An army was raised with volunteers. It had combatants, intelligence officials, ambulance corps with well trained doctors and nurses. The National Government functioned from December 17, 1942 to August 8, 1944. It was dissolved on the explicit directions of Mahatma Gandhi.</span><br />
<span style="font-family: inherit;"><br /></span>
<span style="font-family: inherit;">"The National Government had an impartial and efficient judiciary; courts were held in the open. One could engage a lawyer free of cost and start a suit by paying only Rs. two as court fee. Fair trial with little or no cost, Sushil Dhara reminisces. India too is going the same way particularly with family courts, Lok Adalats, legal aid etc., he felt. Such was the fairness of the judgements delivered in the courts of the National Government that the judiciary in free India upheld their verdicts later on", remarks Sushil Dhara with a proud glitter in his eyes.4</span><br />
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<span style="font-family: inherit;"><br /></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: inherit;"><span style="color: #3b3a39;"><span style="line-height: 17.984375px;">Other famous personalities from Tamluk are: </span></span><span style="background-color: white; color: #3b3a39; line-height: 17.99479103088379px;">Khudiram Bose and Hemchandra Kanungo. </span></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: inherit;"><span style="background-color: white; color: #3b3a39; line-height: 17.99479103088379px;">Matangini Hazra </span><span style="background-color: transparent; text-align: justify;">was an active participant of the ‘Quit India’ Movement in Tamluk. In September 1942, she took the lead in long procession in Tamluk and advanced firmly with the national flag in her hands when a shower of bullets from the heavily armed forces of the colonial government felled her.</span><span style="background-color: white; color: #3b3a39; line-height: 17.99479103088379px;">2, </span><span style="background-color: transparent; text-align: justify;">5</span></span></div>
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<span style="background-color: transparent; text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: inherit;"><br /></span></span></div>
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<span style="background-color: transparent; text-align: justify;"><u><span style="font-family: inherit;">Sources:</span></u></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: inherit;"><span style="background-color: white; color: #3b3a39; line-height: 17.99479103088379px;">1. </span><span style="color: #3b3a39;"><span style="line-height: 17.984375px;">http://milkmiracle.net/2011/02/20/indias-tahrir-square/</span></span></span><br />
<span style="color: #3b3a39; font-family: inherit;"><span style="line-height: 17.984375px;">2. http://www.thehindu.com/todays-paper/tp-national/president-unveils-statues-of-freedom-fighters/article4321604.ece</span></span><br />
<span style="color: #3b3a39; font-family: inherit;"><span style="line-height: 17.984375px;">3. http://www.thestatesman.net/index.php?id=357165&option=com_content&catid=42</span></span><br />
<span style="color: #3b3a39; font-family: inherit;"><span style="line-height: 17.984375px;">4. http://pib.nic.in/archive/50yrs/50featr/malo.html</span></span><br />
<span style="color: #3b3a39; font-family: inherit;"><span style="line-height: 17.984375px;">5. http://pib.nic.in/archieve/lreleng/lyr2002/rdec2002/16122002/r161220027.html</span></span></div>Hyd&Spookhttp://www.blogger.com/profile/18061172446704649416noreply@blogger.com4tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-8170933399396423373.post-20786648402169433882012-12-23T14:06:00.000+05:302012-12-23T14:06:44.098+05:30Interview Tips by other Toppers<div dir="ltr" style="text-align: left;" trbidi="on">
<span style="font-family: inherit;">Heylo All,</span><br />
<span style="font-family: inherit;"><br /></span>
<span style="font-family: inherit;">Found some posts offering advice on interview preparation. So generally letting you know. And as Bijay Ketan Upadhyay (IAS) writes "Fortune favours the prepared mind". So prepare well :)</span><br />
<span style="font-family: inherit;"><br /></span>
<span style="font-family: inherit;">1. http://bijayketanupadhyayaias.blogspot.in/2010/03/interview-preparation-for-ias-keep.html</span><br />
<span style="font-family: inherit;">2. http://bijayketanupadhyayaias.blogspot.in/2010/05/interview-preparation-part-ii.html</span><br />
<span style="font-family: inherit;">3. http://piedhornbill.blogspot.in/2009/01/seasons-greetings-and-gear-up-for.html</span><br />
<span style="font-family: inherit;">4. http://shubhra-saxena.blogspot.in/2009/06/my-interview.html</span><br />
<span style="font-family: inherit;">5. http://garima-mittal-ias.blogspot.in/2010/08/interview.html</span><br />
<span style="font-family: inherit;">6. http://prabhjotsinghgujral.blogspot.in/2010/07/few-words-on-interview.html</span><br />
<span style="font-family: inherit;">7. http://ghanshyamthori.blogspot.in/2009_04_01_archive.html</span><br />
<span style="font-family: inherit;">8. http://intellection-rajiv.blogspot.in/2010/04/it-was-purushottam-agrawal.html</span><br />
<span style="font-family: inherit;">9. http://intellection-rajiv.blogspot.in/2010/04/it-was-purushottam-agrawal.html</span><br />
<span style="font-family: inherit;">10. http://kashishmittal.wordpress.com/2011/06/24/my-upsc-interview/</span><br />
<span style="font-family: inherit;">11. http://ghanshyamthori.blogspot.in/2010/03/deja-vunot-desirable-anymore.html</span><br />
<span style="font-family: inherit;"><br /></span>
<span style="font-family: inherit;">For my own interview experience-read this: http://hyd-n-spook.blogspot.in/2012/03/interview-tips.html</span><br />
<span style="font-family: inherit;"><br /></span>
<span style="font-family: inherit;">Also, if any of you find other relevant posts regarding interview prep, do let us know through the comments. section.</span><br />
<span style="font-family: inherit;"><br /></span>
<span style="font-family: inherit;">Thanks</span><br />
<span style="font-family: inherit;">Spurthi</span></div>
Hyd&Spookhttp://www.blogger.com/profile/18061172446704649416noreply@blogger.com8tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-8170933399396423373.post-35166544305796228872012-12-21T09:21:00.001+05:302012-12-21T09:21:30.471+05:30Heylo & Online Sociology Course<div dir="ltr" style="text-align: left;" trbidi="on">
<br />
Dear Friends,<br />
<br />
I expect you all must have had a good break after the exams and most of you may have begun prep again. Unfortunately I haven't been able to do this. And I have been inactive on the blog front too. For those of you who have been checking the blog for new posts (esp Ramesh who wrote in)- am sorry for the lack of response. But I seek your indulgence for a little more time. I will be active from January onwards for certain.<br />
<br />
Meanwhile, I have come across an online course on "Introduction to Sociology". This is not tailored to our syllabus but it seems as if it will help us understand how to apply sociology better- and given the increasing emphasis on application-based questioning, I think it will be useful. Do check it out. The website has other interesting courses too.<br />
(https://www.coursera.org/course/soc101)<br />
<br />
Else all well. Take care. Ciao.<br />
<br />
Spurthi<br />
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</div>
Hyd&Spookhttp://www.blogger.com/profile/18061172446704649416noreply@blogger.com3tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-8170933399396423373.post-68843895605241989552012-10-22T16:27:00.000+05:302012-10-22T16:27:40.131+05:30Short Reply<div dir="ltr" style="text-align: left;" trbidi="on">
Hi Guys and Gals,<br />
<br />
Am sorry, havent been very prompt in replying nor posting. I am traveling at the moment and will be able to properly respond only after the first week of November-so do bear with me till then. Meanwhile a brief preliminary reply to some queries:<br />
<br />
<b>Interview prep: </b>please check out the following post on <b> <a href="http://hyd-n-spook.blogspot.in/2012/03/interview-tips.html" target="_blank">Interview tips</a> </b>.<br />
<br />
<b>Material for PubAd paper1 compulsory questions: </b>well, like most of you, I too was stumped by the questions. I think UPSC is trying to throw coaching centres off their game. The only theorist I had heard of was Pareto in the 'Pareto optimality' and 'Pareto improvements' question-but unfortuntely didnt know anything about the two concepts. The remaining statements were related to our syllabus and am sure you must have read them too.<br />
For eg in 1(c)"Man's motives in different subparts of the same organization may be different". Discuss.- I wrote about importance of 'unity of direction', matching individual goal to organizational goal, pitfalls of 'goal displacement' etc. So although I didnt know the theorist Edgar Schien, I am telling myself that i wrote something sensible there.<br />
Similarly for 1(d) "leadership is 'incremental influence' - I wrote about employee-oriented leader, leader as amateur psychologist, etc-basically one could have drawn upon leadership theories.<br />
<br />
So what I am trying to say is that if we know our basics correctly then we can surely answer questions in a <i>satisficing </i>manner. Nonetheless value addition is imperative to keep up with UPSC. I dont know definite books to read but can suggest a way forward.<br />
<ul style="text-align: left;">
<li>Start with your defined syllabus. </li>
<li>Second, when you pick up a theorist, try and research a little about him beyond the coaching notes. Read up the wikipedia entry on his life- that may clarify his theory, put forth other ideas of his. </li>
<li>For eg: Q3(a) asked about features of Simon's bounded rationality- my coaching teacher, Mr. Mohanty, had only told us about <i>satisficing . </i>But when i was randomly reading Simon's nobel prize speech, I came across the concept of <i>search for alternatives</i>. Unfortunately i didnt know about <i>aspiration adaptation</i>. So, what I am saying is that use the internet and read around the theorist and theory as well. </li>
<li>Thirdly, always know about the history of a concept and its current relevance. This means that you will have to refer to recent developments on the issue. </li>
<li>Fourthly, read about the theorists' collaborators or the thinkers who have contributed to a particular line if thought. </li>
<li>Fifthly, a number of foreign universities put up material on theories and theorists-refer to those cause they are authoritative texts. </li>
<li>And more specifically, research the thinkers that were asked in the exam-read about them- dont think <i>ki</i> <i>is saal pooch liya to agle saal nahi poochenge</i>. All information and knowledge is valuable. </li>
<li>Next, check out the past year question papers, and see if there are any concepts or thinkers you havent heard about-if so look them up and make notes.</li>
</ul>
I dont know how much dividend this approach will yield, but am sure whatever knowledge you accumulate will have a positive impact on your answer. If others have suggestions, do write in cause collaboration in this exam is very important for success. :)<br />
<br />
<b>How I gathered topics of relevance and what you can also do:</b> will address in detail later, but for starters- I tried to read the newspaper (Hindu and Business Standard) thoroughly everyday and make notes- just this task would take up 4-5 hours daily.So do devote time to reading the paper and understanding the issues and all their linkages. Try and read a business paper as well.<br />
I tried to read some books that we all think of reading but maybe never get around to like: Economic Survey, ARC2 Reports, magazines like The Economist, Foreign Policy, EPW. Try and do this as regularly as you can. The magazines will give you different insights into the issue which may not always be there in the Hindu. <br />
<br />
Lastly <b>enjoy gathering knowledge</b>. You never know what you read will come handy. For eg, last year I generally read up on Louis Baker and his architectural principles-must have spent a good day or two dreaming about the perfect house and what it would be like-and lo and behold- I waxed eloquent about Baker in the GS paper [definitely a little too eloquently :P]. Then again, I generally read about Kullu Dussehra, contemplating a visit there, and came to know that they dont burn the effigy of Ravan as he was a Shivbhakt, and used this info in an answer on 'Great and Little Traditions' in Sociology.<br />
<br />
So, my point is enjoy knowing about stuff and learning about it. Expand your interests. Secondly, do not confine yourselves to books to gain knowledge. Whichever city you are in, pay a visit to the museums around, go watch cultural performances, visit historical monuments, participate in discussions etc. <br />
<br />
<b>Analysis of Exam pattern, </b><b>CSE2013: </b>will write at leisure about this.<br />
<br />
So, basically I couldn't be concise but this is definitely a preliminary response. Will get back to you all in a fortnight's time. Till then, enjoy the break.<br />
<br />
Ciao<br />
Spurthi.<br />
<br />
p.s.: @ Ashish and Anonymous who address me as 'Ma'am'- please call me by my name- we are all equal comrades in this exam and in life. :) </div>
Hyd&Spookhttp://www.blogger.com/profile/18061172446704649416noreply@blogger.com4tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-8170933399396423373.post-58456891379422190392012-10-19T12:01:00.002+05:302012-10-19T12:01:39.066+05:30Blog Success-2012 Mains Optionals<div dir="ltr" style="text-align: left;" trbidi="on">
Hello comrades,<br />
<br />
I am so happy that the blog has assisted in your preps in some manner. Thank you for your comments and all the wishes. I too wish that all your scores are propelled skywards and you feature prominently in the final list.<br />
<br />
Many of you have expressed interest in knowing my views about the papers- am truly flattered and humbled. I too want to analyse the questions papers-and present my view. Its just that when I started that effort, I felt quite blank, as if my mind was resisting attempts to revisit the papers and my performance [maybe i was subconsciously scared that i will discover so much that i could have written and what i shouldn't have] :) So give me a couple of days and in the meantime I am going to analyse the optionals. This effort too is throwing up a lot of info which was on my blog, and which unfortunately didnt strike me in the exam. So here goes...<br />
<br />
PUBLIC ADMINISTRATION I<br />
<br />
4(b) Should media exposure be included in rules for administrative accountability in India? [15mks]<br />
<a href="http://hyd-n-spook.blogspot.in/2012/08/media-and-democracy.html" target="_blank">Media and Democracy</a><br />
<a href="http://hyd-n-spook.blogspot.in/2012/06/factors-influencing-government.html" target="_blank">Factors influencing government responsiveness</a><br />
-these posts could have helped in saying that media furthers democracy and ensuring administrative accountability to media can strengthen democracy in various ways. The example of Manipur could be effectively used.<br />
<br />
4(c) Role of civil society in facilitating administrative accountability wrt 'Janlokpal' issue. [15mks]<br />
<a href="http://hyd-n-spook.blogspot.in/2012/08/neoliberal-reforms-and-democracy.html" target="_blank">Neoliberal reforms and democracy</a> - a point could have been, how the state is moving from provider to facilitator guided by neoliberalism- and in this context maintaining administrative accountability becomes even more relevant, because of the indirect nature of accountability perpetuated by neoliberalism and NPM .<br />
<br />
7(b) Does SHG movement adequately address absence of women in the former mainstream development agenda. [20mks]<br />
<a href="http://hyd-n-spook.blogspot.in/2012/08/self-help-groups.html" target="_blank">Self help groups</a> - This answer mainly required a comparison of "women in development" and "gender and development" approach. This post could have helped to show how SHGs are empowering women politically as well, thus making them agenda-setters as well, and not just recipients of development aid. The other article of the post could have shown the counter-point of how even SHGs are failing their potential.<br />
<a href="http://hyd-n-spook.blogspot.in/2012/09/kulandei-francis.html" target="_blank">Kulandei Francis</a><br />
<a href="http://hyd-n-spook.blogspot.in/2012/08/national-rural-livelihoods-mission.html" target="_blank">NRLM</a> - by reorienting focus of poverty alleviation programmes from aid-giving to empowerment, NRLM puts the poor at the centre of programmes aimed at them. Women are perceived as major change-makers in this programme.<br />
<br />
8(b) Distinguish between e-Government and e-Governance. [15mks]<br />
<a href="http://hyd-n-spook.blogspot.in/2012/07/new-public-management-in-2nd-arc-13th.html" target="_blank">NPM in ARC2</a><br />
<a href="http://hyd-n-spook.blogspot.in/2012/06/e-governance-and-corruption-in-states.html" target="_blank">E-governance and corruption in states</a><br />
<a href="http://hyd-n-spook.blogspot.in/2012/06/collaborative-governance-in-theory-and.html" target="_blank">Collaborative governance in theory and practice</a><br />
<a href="http://hyd-n-spook.blogspot.in/2012/06/public-participation-and-organizational.html" target="_blank">Public participation and organizational performance</a><br />
<br />
PUBLIC ADMINISTRATION II<br />
<br />
<a name='more'></a><br /><br />
1(c) Critically examine variables in the composition and functioning of Cabinet Commitees. [12mks]<br />
<a href="http://hyd-n-spook.blogspot.in/2012/07/coordination-mechanisms-in-goi-gom.html" target="_blank">Coordination mechanisms in GOI</a><br />
<br />
5(e) PRIs are still affected by state control and domination by bureaucracy. Do you agree. [12mks]<br />
<a href="http://hyd-n-spook.blogspot.in/2012/08/panchayats-and-democratic.html" target="_blank">Panchayats and democratic decentralisation</a><br />
<br />
8(a) Compare and contrast Padmanabhaiah, Ribeiro and Mallinath Committee reports. [25mks]<br />
<a href="http://hyd-n-spook.blogspot.in/2012/06/police-reform-debates-in-india-summary.html" target="_blank">Police reform debates in India-summary</a> - post has some points from Padmanabhaiah and Ribiero committee reports.<br />
<br />
SOCIOLOGY I<br />
<br />
5(d) Citizenship and civil society [12mks]<br />
<a href="http://hyd-n-spook.blogspot.in/2012/08/civil-society-and-politics.html" target="_blank">Civil society and politics</a> - to show how philosophy of state is changing from provider to enabler, thus changing citizen to consumer-and how 'new politics' of civil society is keeping step with this change.<br />
<a href="http://hyd-n-spook.blogspot.in/2012/08/neoliberal-reforms-and-democracy.html" target="_blank">Neoliberal reforms and democracy</a><br />
<br />
8(a) How do formal and informal organization of work influence labour's mobility. [20mks]<br />
<a href="http://hyd-n-spook.blogspot.in/2012/08/definitions-of-unorganized-sector.html" target="_blank">Definitions of unorganized sector</a><br />
<a href="http://hyd-n-spook.blogspot.in/2012/08/women-and-work.html" target="_blank">Women and work</a><br />
<br />
SOCIOLOGY II<br />
<br />
2(c) Social and cultural determinants of sexual division of labour. [14mks]<br />
<a href="http://hyd-n-spook.blogspot.in/2012/08/women-and-work.html" target="_blank">Women and work</a><br />
<br />
3(a) Impact of secularization on various religious communities of India. [30mks]<br />
<a href="http://hyd-n-spook.blogspot.in/2012/08/secularism-without-secularization.html" target="_blank">Secularism without secularization</a><br />
<br />
3(b) How has geographic and economic mobility impacted tribal culture and social structure? [30mks]<br />
<a href="http://hyd-n-spook.blogspot.in/2012/08/social-stratification-case-studies.html" target="_blank">Social stratification-case studies</a><br />
<br />
8(b) Do you think that some policies and laws relating to environment have retarded the development process?How can an ideal balance between environmental protection and developmental goals be brought about? [30mks]<br />
<a href="http://hyd-n-spook.blogspot.in/2011/07/hedgehogs-and-foxes-growth-vs.html" target="_blank">Hedgehogs and foxes-growth vs. environment debate</a><br />
<a href="http://hyd-n-spook.blogspot.in/2012/03/national-green-tribunal.html" target="_blank">National Green Tribunal</a><br />
<br />
<br /></div>
Hyd&Spookhttp://www.blogger.com/profile/18061172446704649416noreply@blogger.com3tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-8170933399396423373.post-34063261600066471912012-10-15T23:00:00.000+05:302012-10-15T23:00:00.236+05:30Blog Success in 2012 Mains- GS<div dir="ltr" style="text-align: left;" trbidi="on">
Heylo All,<br />
<br />
As a first step to assess my preparation for the 2012Mains, am taking stock of how well I was able to identify issues of relevance for our GS and optional papers. So am listing out questions and posts that could have been useful in answering it. [The questions are paraphrased]. I would love to hear back from you all as well.<br />
<br />
Spurthi<br />
<br />
<b>GS Paper I </b>[Questions worth 160 mks had information of varying relevance]<br />
<b><br /></b>
1(a) What do you<b> </b>understand by the term "Innovation"? Discuss the need for launching a national innovation policy in India. (25mks)<br />
<a href="http://hyd-n-spook.blogspot.in/2012/03/decade-of-innovation-2010-2020.html" target="_blank">Decade of Innovation: 2010-2020</a><br />
<a href="http://hyd-n-spook.blogspot.in/2012/03/science-research-in-indian-universities.html" target="_blank">Science research in Indian universities</a><br />
<br />
1(b) Examine inclusive measures initiated by GoI for informal sector, and critically examine their effectiveness. (25mks)<br />
<a href="http://hyd-n-spook.blogspot.in/2012/08/definitions-of-unorganized-sector.html" target="_blank">Definitions of Unorganized sector</a><br />
<a href="http://hyd-n-spook.blogspot.in/2012/08/financial-inclusion.html" target="_blank">Financial inclusion</a><br />
<a href="http://hyd-n-spook.blogspot.in/2012/08/insurance.html" target="_blank">Insurance</a><br />
<a href="http://hyd-n-spook.blogspot.in/2011/07/msme.html" target="_blank">MSME</a><br />
<a href="http://hyd-n-spook.blogspot.in/2012/02/national-policy-on-urban-street-vendors.html" target="_blank">National policy on urban street vendors</a><br />
<br />
1(e) Tourism in tiger reserves (25mks)<br />
<a href="http://hyd-n-spook.blogspot.in/2012/10/eco-tourism-and-ban-on-toursim-in-tiger.html" target="_blank">Eco-tourism and ban on toursim in tiger reserves</a><br />
<br />
2(a) 12th Plan document on Health (15mks)<br />
<a href="http://hyd-n-spook.blogspot.in/2012/07/12th-fyp-approach-paper.html" target="_blank">12th FYP approach paper</a> (a very brief indication of what the plan says about Health)<br />
<br />
2(c) "Domestic resource mobilization, though central to the process of Indian economic growth, is characterized by several constraints". Explain. (15mks)<br />
<a href="http://hyd-n-spook.blogspot.in/2012/08/ashok-chawla-committee-on-allocation-of.html" target="_blank">Ashok Chawla committee on allocation of natural resources</a><br />
<a href="http://hyd-n-spook.blogspot.in/2011/07/national-exploration-licensing-policy.html" target="_blank">National exploration licensing policy</a><br />
<a href="http://hyd-n-spook.blogspot.in/2012/08/external-commercial-borrowings-policy.html" target="_blank">External commercial borrowings policy</a><br />
<a href="http://hyd-n-spook.blogspot.in/2012/04/fii-investment-in-bonds.html" target="_blank">FII investment in bonds</a><br />
<br />
2(d) 'Flute-playing Krishna' theme in Indian art is very popular. Discuss. (15mks)<br />
<a href="http://hyd-n-spook.blogspot.in/2012/06/indian-painting-other-styles.html" target="_blank">Indian painting:other styles</a>- Madhubani and Pattachitra<br />
<a href="http://hyd-n-spook.blogspot.in/2012/06/indian-painting-schools-of-painting.html" target="_blank">Indian painting-schools of painting</a>- Pahari and Rajasthani schools of painting <br />
<a href="http://hyd-n-spook.blogspot.in/2012/06/traditional-theatre-forms-of-india.html" target="_blank">Traditional theatre forms of India</a>- Rasleela<br />
<a href="http://hyd-n-spook.blogspot.in/2012/06/indian-classical-dances.html" target="_blank">Indian classical dances</a>- Manipuri and Odissi (a main theme of Odissi is Geet Govinda centered around Krishna)<br />
<a href="http://hyd-n-spook.blogspot.in/2012/09/traditional-embroidery-forms.html" target="_blank">Traditional embroidery forms</a> - Chamba rumal has a krishna figure embroidered on the rumals.<br />
<br />
2(f) What do you understand by MDR-TB? (15mks)<br />
<a href="http://hyd-n-spook.blogspot.in/2012/09/xdr-tb.html" target="_blank">XDR-TB</a><br />
<br />
2(g) Is renewable energy a viable option for India's future? (15mks)<br />
<a href="http://hyd-n-spook.blogspot.in/2012/03/integrated-energy-policy-2008.html" target="_blank">Integrated energy policy 2008</a><br />
<a href="http://hyd-n-spook.blogspot.in/2012/03/akshay-urja-shops.html" target="_blank">Akshay urja shops</a><br />
<br />
3(b) List objectives of National Manufacturing Policy. (5mks)<br />
<a href="http://hyd-n-spook.blogspot.in/2011/08/manufacture-sector-in-india.html" target="_blank">Manufacture sector in india</a> [Albeit this post was written before the NMP was officially declared and there was one change, i.e. achievement of objective of jobs and GDP contribution by 2022].<br />
<br />
5. Personalities question (5mks)<br />
<a href="http://hyd-n-spook.blogspot.in/2012/09/ashoke-sen-atul-khare-mario-miranda.html" target="_blank">Ashoke sen, Mario de Miranda</a><br />
<a href="http://hyd-n-spook.blogspot.in/2012/09/aditi-mukherjee-dr-aa-manavalan-pv.html" target="_blank">P.V. Sindhu</a><br />
<br />
<br />
<b>GENERAL STUDIES II </b>[Questions worth 170mks had information of varying relevance]<br />
<a name='more'></a><br />
1(a) Growing India-China trade and its affect on settlement of border problems. 25mks.<br />
<a href="http://hyd-n-spook.blogspot.in/2012/08/india-china-trade.html" target="_blank">India-China trade</a><br />
<a href="http://hyd-n-spook.blogspot.in/2012/08/bhutan-china-border-issues-and-indian.html" target="_blank">Bhutan-China border issues and Indian interests</a><br />
<a href="http://hyd-n-spook.blogspot.in/2012/03/assessing-chinas-strategy.html" target="_blank">Assessing China's strategy</a><br />
<a href="http://hyd-n-spook.blogspot.in/2012/08/dumping-and-anti-dumping.html" target="_blank">Dumping and anti-dumping</a><br />
<br />
1(c) Constitutional logjam in Nepal. [25mks.]<br />
<a href="http://hyd-n-spook.blogspot.in/2012/09/nepal.html" target="_blank">Nepal</a> [i cannot claim any input on this issue apart from pointing you in the right direction]<br />
<br />
1(d) Plant genomics as a solution to problem of feeding growing population. 25mks.<br />
<a href="http://hyd-n-spook.blogspot.in/2012/09/biotechnology-regulatory-authority-of.html" target="_blank">Biotechnology regulatory authority of India</a><br />
<br />
2(a) New and old diaspora [15mks]<br />
<a href="http://hyd-n-spook.blogspot.in/2011/07/public-diplomacy-in-india.html" target="_blank">Public diplomacy in India</a> [programmes to link diaspora to India]<br />
<br />
2(c) Putin's return and shift to confrontationist Russia. [15mks]<br />
<a href="http://hyd-n-spook.blogspot.in/2012/09/eurasian-union-and-eurasian-commission.html" target="_blank">Eurasian Union and Eurasian Commission</a><br />
<a href="http://hyd-n-spook.blogspot.in/2012/08/japan-russia-tensions-on-kuril-islands.html" target="_blank">Japan-Russia on Kuril islands</a><br />
<a href="http://hyd-n-spook.blogspot.in/2012/08/pussy-riot.html" target="_blank">Pussy Riot</a><br />
<br />
3(b) Why international trade has not acted as 'engine of growth' in India and other developing countries. [10mks]<br />
<a href="http://hyd-n-spook.blogspot.in/2011/07/india-and-africa.html" target="_blank">India and Africa</a> - complaints about China's trade model<br />
<a href="http://hyd-n-spook.blogspot.in/2012/08/meles-zenawi.html" target="_blank">Meles Zenawi</a> - role of India in development of Africa<br />
<br />
3(c) Five commonly used performance-enhancing drugs and their risks. [10mks]<br />
<a href="http://hyd-n-spook.blogspot.in/2012/08/lance-armstrong.html" target="_blank">Lance Armstrong.</a><br />
<br />
3(d) Possibilities opened up by Curiosity Rover and potential benefit for humankind. [10mks]<br />
<a href="http://hyd-n-spook.blogspot.in/2012/08/curiosity-gale-crater-bradbury-landing.html" target="_blank">Curiosity-Gale crater-Bradbury landing.</a> - for purpose of Curiosity<br />
<br />
3(f) Impact of US sanctions on Iran on India-Iran bilateral relations. [10mks]<br />
<a href="http://hyd-n-spook.blogspot.in/2012/08/iran-task-force.html" target="_blank">Iran task-force.- to supplement answer</a><br />
<a href="http://hyd-n-spook.blogspot.in/2012/08/p51.html" target="_blank">P5+1- to supplement </a>answer<br />
<br />
4 (a) Features and purpose of Sequoia supercomputer [5mks]<br />
<a href="http://hyd-n-spook.blogspot.in/2012/09/ibm-sequoia.html" target="_blank">IBM Sequoia.</a><br />
<br />
4(c) Why was Human Papilloma Virus in news and who are ideal candidates for receiving it and what are its benefits? [5mks]<br />
<a href="http://hyd-n-spook.blogspot.in/2012/08/clinical-trials.html" target="_blank">Clinical trials</a> - HPV was in news for ethical violations in the clinical trials of the HPV vaccine. If someone knew this angle then the post could have enhanced the answer.<br />
<br />
4(d) India's stakes in South China sea [5mks]<br />
<a href="http://hyd-n-spook.blogspot.in/2011/07/controversies-in-south-china-sea.html" target="_blank">Controversies in South-China sea</a><br />
<a href="http://hyd-n-spook.blogspot.in/2012/09/issues-in-us-china-relationship.html" target="_blank">Issues in US China relationship.</a><br />
<br />
4(e) "Environmental Sustainability" and "Sustainable development of people". Explain concepts [5mks]<br />
<a href="http://hyd-n-spook.blogspot.in/2011/07/hedgehogs-and-foxes-growth-vs.html" target="_blank">Hedgehogs and foxes- The growth vs. Environment debate</a> -just realising now that I could have interpreted this question as a growth or/and environment debate also<br />
<a href="http://hyd-n-spook.blogspot.in/2012/10/eco-tourism-and-ban-on-toursim-in-tiger.html" target="_blank">Eco-tourism and ban on toursim in tiger -am only now realising that this instance could have been used in this answer</a><br />
<a href="http://hyd-n-spook.blogspot.in/2011/07/un-decade-on-biodiversity-2011-2020.html" target="_blank">UN decade on biodiversity: 2011-2020</a> - especially Aichi targets and Nagoya protocol<br />
<a href="http://hyd-n-spook.blogspot.in/2011/09/green-india-mission.html" target="_blank">Green India Mission</a><br />
<a href="http://hyd-n-spook.blogspot.in/2011/08/elephant-conservation.html" target="_blank">Elephant Conservation</a><br />
<br />
4(f) Explain Clean Development Mechanism of UNFCCC [5mks]<br />
<a href="http://hyd-n-spook.blogspot.in/2012/03/carbon-capture.html" target="_blank">Carbon capture</a> - this could have helped in a very tangential manner</div>
Hyd&Spookhttp://www.blogger.com/profile/18061172446704649416noreply@blogger.com14tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-8170933399396423373.post-66924305166867311962012-10-04T22:50:00.000+05:302012-10-04T22:50:04.388+05:30IMF's 14th General Review of Quotas<div dir="ltr" style="text-align: left;" trbidi="on">
On December 15, 2010, the Board of Governors, the IMF's highest
decision-making body, approved a package of far-reaching reforms of the
Fund’s quotas and governance, completing the 14th General Review of
Quotas. This will be implemented once 3/5ths of the IMF members comprising 85% of the quota-share approve it. Once implemented, it will result in a major realignment of quota shares to better reflect
the changing relative weights of the IMF’s member countries in the
global economy. <br />
<br />
The 14th General Review of Quotas will:<br />
<ol style="text-align: left;">
<li>unprecedented 100 percent increase in total quotas: double quotas from approximately SDR 238.4 billion to approximately
SDR 476.8 billion. </li>
<li>shift more than 6 percent of quota shares from over-represented to under-represented member countries. </li>
<li>shift more than 6 percent of quota shares to dynamic emerging market and developing countries (EMDCs). </li>
<li>significantly realign quota shares. China will become the
3rd largest member country in the IMF, and there will be four EMDCs
(Brazil, China, India, and Russia) among the 10 largest shareholders in
the Fund, and</li>
<li>preserve the quota and voting share of the poorest member
countries. This group of countries is defined as those eligible for the
low-income Poverty Reduction and Growth Trust (PRGT) and whose per
capita income fell below US$1,135 in 2008 (the threshold set by the
International Development Association) or twice that amount for small
countries.</li>
</ol>
India's quota share at the IMF will increase from 2.44 per cent to 2.75
per cent, making it the 8th largest quota holding country at the IMF.<br />
<div class="body">
Significantly, India's gain in terms of quota share is the 7th largest in 14th round of quota review.
</div>
<div class="body">
In absolute terms, New Delhi's quota will increase from SDR (special drawing right) 5,821.5 million to SDR 13,114.4 million.
</div>
All the BRIC (Brazil, Russia, India and China) countries would now be among the 10 largest quota shareholders at the IMF. <div class="body">
</div>
<br />
The reform package builds on the 2008 reforms, which became effective on
March 3, 2011. The 2008 reforms:<br />
<ul style="text-align: left;">
<li>strengthen the representation of
dynamic economies, many of which are emerging market countries, through
ad hoc quota increases for 54 member countries, and </li>
<li>enhanced the voice
and participation of low-income countries through a near tripling of
basic votes. </li>
</ul>
Source: http://www.imf.org/external/np/exr/facts/quotas.htm <br />
http://www.thehindubusinessline.com/industry-and-economy/government-and-policy/article2571393.ece</div>
Hyd&Spookhttp://www.blogger.com/profile/18061172446704649416noreply@blogger.com2tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-8170933399396423373.post-63191965090667640272012-10-04T21:11:00.002+05:302012-10-04T21:11:26.109+05:30Language Paper Alert!<div dir="ltr" style="text-align: left;" trbidi="on">
Heylos,<br />
<br />
The language paper is on 6th itself-i.e. on saturday, and that in the first half. So 6th-saturday-has both language papers, and 7th-sunday-has essay paper.<br />
<br />
I just realised this, because in keeping with past pattern I was expecting language paper to be on sunday. So anyways...this msg is for other blind people like me :)<br />
<br />
And good luck again.<br />
<br />
Spurthi</div>
Hyd&Spookhttp://www.blogger.com/profile/18061172446704649416noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-8170933399396423373.post-70807823709418266442012-10-03T13:12:00.001+05:302012-10-03T21:24:25.032+05:30Eco-tourism and Ban on toursim in Tiger core-areas<div dir="ltr" style="text-align: left;" trbidi="on">
<br />
In the debate on tourism in core-areas of tiger reserves, these are the following stakeholders:<br />
- Protection of tigers<br />
<a href="http://www.blogger.com/blogger.g?blogID=8170933399396423373" imageanchor="1" style="clear: left; float: left; margin-bottom: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"></a><a href="http://www.blogger.com/blogger.g?blogID=8170933399396423373" imageanchor="1" style="clear: left; float: left; margin-bottom: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"></a><a href="http://www.blogger.com/blogger.g?blogID=8170933399396423373" imageanchor="1" style="clear: left; float: left; margin-bottom: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"></a><a href="http://www.blogger.com/blogger.g?blogID=8170933399396423373" imageanchor="1" style="clear: left; float: left; margin-bottom: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"></a>- Protection and conservation of other wildlife in reserves <br />
- Local communities- rights protected by the Forest Rights Act.<br />
- Local employment generated by tiger tourism<br />
- Tourism industry- both those making a fast buck, and those encouraging sustainable tourism<br />
- General people's right to enjoy wildlife, and their responsibility towards conservation<br />
<br />
<b>National Tiger Conservation Authority (NTCA) guidelines on Ecotourism. (July 2012)</b><br />
Ecotourism is defined as "responsible travel to natural areas that conserves the environment and improves the wellbeing of local people". Ecotourism should include tourism that is community-based and community-driven. Such tourism is low-impact, educational, conserves ecology and environment, while directly benefiting economic development of local communities. <br />
<div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;">
</div>
<br />
<br />
Following these guidelines the Supreme Court banned Tourism in core areas of Tiger Reserves. This was met with much criticism by the tourism industry. The NCTC has given a revised set of guidelines to the SC on 27 September 2012.<br />
<br />
<a href="http://www.blogger.com/blogger.g?blogID=8170933399396423373" imageanchor="1" style="clear: right; float: right; margin-bottom: 1em; margin-left: 1em;"></a><a href="http://www.blogger.com/blogger.g?blogID=8170933399396423373" imageanchor="1" style="clear: right; float: right; margin-bottom: 1em; margin-left: 1em;"></a><a href="http://www.blogger.com/blogger.g?blogID=8170933399396423373" imageanchor="1" style="clear: right; float: right; margin-bottom: 1em; margin-left: 1em;"></a><a href="http://www.blogger.com/blogger.g?blogID=8170933399396423373" imageanchor="1" style="clear: right; float: right; margin-bottom: 1em; margin-left: 1em;"></a><span style="font-size: 15px; font-weight: bold;"> Old v New </span><br />
<table bgcolor="#e6eded" border="0" cellpadding="15px" cellspacing="0" style="width: 230pxpx;"><tbody>
<tr><td><br />
<br />
<li style="font-size: 14px; line-height: 17px; margin-bottom: 12px;"> The
old guidelines restricted tourism activity in the areas of tiger
reserves from where forest dwellers have been relocated to make space
for the big cat. The new guidelines have tweaked it to say that no
tourism infrastructure will be allowed in the areas from where
relocation has taken place
</li>
<li style="font-size: 14px; line-height: 17px; margin-bottom: 12px;"> The
old guidelines called for allowing only community-based tourism in 10 to
20 per cent of the core zones, depending on the size. The new
guidelines say that up to 20 per cent area of the core zones of the
tiger reserves can be opened up for tourism
</li>
<li style="font-size: 14px; line-height: 17px; margin-bottom: 12px;"> The
old guidelines called for imposing a 10 per cent cess on the turnover of
the hotels and resorts for community development. The new guidelines
have sought to leave it to the state governments to decide the rate of
cess. The guidelines say a conservation fee could be charged between Rs
500 to Rs 3,000 per month, per room, depending upon the luxury
classification of the tourist facility </li>
</td></tr>
</tbody></table>
</div>
Hyd&Spookhttp://www.blogger.com/profile/18061172446704649416noreply@blogger.com5tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-8170933399396423373.post-25949611141839401352012-09-29T19:26:00.000+05:302012-09-29T19:26:59.084+05:30Bon Chance!<div dir="ltr" style="text-align: left;" trbidi="on">
Hello Friends,<br />
<br />
Writing in to wish you all good luck and the rest...:) Have a great exam.<br />
<br />
There will be a few surprises, so dont be fazed by them. Enjoy the writing process-but take care not to get emotional about certain questions and devote unwanted time on it :)<br />
<br />
GS paper: no matter how well you prepare, its never enough, so take the questions you dont know anything about in your stride. Try and write something intelligible about most questions that you can make sense of. But dont irritate the examiner. I did 100mark ka hawabazi last time- didnt work for me :( But the plan stays the same this year, just hope to be more sensible.<br />
<br />
Stats: agar abhi bhi taiyari shuru nahi ki hai, to kar lo ji. High scores in GS depends on performing well in Stats and it isnt too difficult. Dont forget to take a calculator (and practice on it before-hand), also protractor for making Pie-diagrams if required etc.<br />
<br />
Also, for Indian language paper, I always find myself short of time- so if that is the case with you, plan your paper well. I think the english-to-language translation takes a lot of time and is only for 20mks. The precis writing is for 60mks. So, last time I decided to finish precis writing first, and didnt mind not completing the translation. I am writing this from memory, so just refer to the language question paper once. Also you will have to do 2 translations, and precis writing has to be done in separate sheets , wherein one word has to be inserted in one box (for first timers :)). Baaki most people with english-medium find it tough, so dont be too troubled by the paper. But still devote some time to prepare for it.<br />
<br />
Hmm...those with sufficient break between optionals- you are lucky blokes- good luck to you and the rest of us too. Aur baaki badhiya...have a productive last 5 days. <br />
<br />
And see you all after the exams.<br />
<br />
Cheerio,<br />
<br />
Spurthi </div>
Hyd&Spookhttp://www.blogger.com/profile/18061172446704649416noreply@blogger.com10tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-8170933399396423373.post-74628864628920883712012-09-27T09:00:00.003+05:302012-09-27T09:00:22.903+05:30Bijolia Movement<div dir="ltr" style="text-align: left;" trbidi="on">
<br />
<div class="MsoNormal" style="background-color: white; margin-bottom: 0cm;">
<span style="font-family: inherit;"><b>Reproduced from: </b><a href="http://hssthistory.blogspot.in/2011/05/bijolia-movement-ugc-history.html" style="background-color: transparent;">http://hssthistory.blogspot.in/2011/05/bijolia-movement-ugc-history.html</a></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="background-color: white; margin-bottom: 0cm;">
<span style="font-family: inherit;"><br /></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="background-color: white; margin-bottom: 0cm;">
<span style="font-family: inherit;">It was a pioneer agrarian movement in the Mewar State in present Udaipur District.<br /><br />The Jagirdar of Bijolia was a Parmar Rajput having 96 villages in his jagir. There were 86 different taxes on peasants against which peasants revolted in 1905. The initial leadership was provided by Sitaram Das. The movement got linked to national movement. Vijay (Bijoy) Singh Pathik and Manik Lal Verma (future Chief Minister of Rajasthan) led a no tax movement in 1916. It was called Bijolia movement. The peasants refused to do begar and held back the taxes. The movement continued through 1920s and spread over to other States of Rajputana.<a href="" name="more"></a><br /><br /><b>Important note: The no tax movement at Bijolia took place before the Champaran Indigo Satyagraha of Gandhi. Secondly, it was started in Princely States. </b></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="background-color: white; color: #333333; font-family: Arial, Tahoma, Helvetica, FreeSans, sans-serif; font-size: 15px; margin-bottom: 0cm;">
<br /></div>
</div>
Hyd&Spookhttp://www.blogger.com/profile/18061172446704649416noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-8170933399396423373.post-53708578739954200962012-09-27T08:57:00.002+05:302012-09-27T08:57:24.399+05:30Sec. 124A of Indian Penal Code: Sedition<div dir="ltr" style="text-align: left;" trbidi="on">
<span style="background-color: transparent; font-family: inherit;">Section 124A of the Indian Penal Code deals with Sedition.</span><br />
<span style="font-family: inherit;"><span style="background-color: transparent;"><br /></span>
<span style="background-color: transparent;">Sedition is defined as:</span></span><br />
<blockquote class="tr_bq">
<span style="background-color: transparent; font-family: inherit;">Bringing hatred of contempt (or attempt to bring hatred or contempt) for the lawful Government in India, through words, signs, visual representation or otherwise.</span></blockquote>
<span style="background-color: transparent; font-family: inherit;">Such person can be punished with a imprisonment for life and/or fines. The offence of sedition is non-bailable and cognizable.</span><br />
<span style="font-family: inherit;"><span style="background-color: transparent;"><br /></span>
<span style="background-color: transparent;">Explanation: </span></span><br />
<span style="background-color: transparent; font-family: inherit;">1.- The expression" disaffection" includes disloyalty and all feelings of enmity. </span><br />
<span style="background-color: transparent; font-family: inherit;">2.- Comments expressing <b>disapprobation of the measures of the Government with a view to obtain their alteration by lawful means</b>, but without exciting or attempting to excite hatred, contempt or disaffection, <b>do not constitute an offence under this section</b>. </span><br />
<span style="font-family: inherit;"><span style="background-color: transparent;">3.- Comments expressing <b>disapprobation of the administrative or other action</b> of the Government <b>without exciting or attempting to excite hatred, contempt or disaffection, do not constitute an offence under this section.</b></span><span style="background-color: transparent;">1</span></span><br />
<span style="font-family: inherit;"><span style="background-color: transparent;"><br /></span></span>
<ul style="text-align: left;">
<li><span style="font-family: inherit;"><span style="background-color: transparent;"><i style="font-family: inherit;"><b>disapprobation</b>: expressing strong disapproval, expecially on moral grounds. </i></span></span></li>
<li><span style="font-family: inherit;"><span style="background-color: transparent;"><i style="line-height: 19.194442749023438px;"><span style="font-family: inherit;">A <b>cognizable offence</b> is a <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Crime" style="background-image: none; color: #0b0080; text-decoration: none;" title="Crime">criminal offence</a> in which the<a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Police" style="background-image: none; color: #0b0080; text-decoration: none;" title="Police">police</a> is empowered to register an <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/First_Information_Report" style="background-image: none; color: #0b0080; text-decoration: none;" title="First Information Report">FIR</a>, investigate, and arrest an accused without a court issued <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Warrant_(law)" style="background-image: none; color: #0b0080; text-decoration: none;" title="Warrant (law)">warrant</a>.<sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-0" style="line-height: 1em;"><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cognizable_offence#cite_note-0" style="background-image: none; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; color: #0b0080; text-decoration: none; white-space: nowrap;">[1]</a></sup></span></i></span></span></li>
<li><span style="font-family: inherit;"><span style="background-color: transparent;"><i style="line-height: 19.194442749023438px;"><span style="font-family: inherit;">A <b>non-cognizable offence</b> is an offence in which <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Police" style="background-image: none; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; color: #0b0080; text-decoration: none;" title="Police">police</a> can neither register an FIR, investigate, nor effect arrest without the express permission or directions from the court. </span></i></span></span></li>
</ul>
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<div style="background-color: white; font-family: sans-serif; font-size: 12.499999046325684px; line-height: 19.194442749023438px; margin-bottom: 0.5em; margin-top: 0.4em;">
<b style="background-color: transparent; font-family: inherit;"><span style="background-color: transparent;">Recent </span><span style="background-color: transparent;">Instances of use:</span></b></div>
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<br />
<ul style="text-align: left;">
<li><span style="font-family: inherit;">Mr. Aseem Trivedi- cartoonist with India Against Corruption. Charged with sedition which led to widespread condemnation of the police and government. Subsequently the charges were removed. 2012</span></li>
<li><span style="font-family: inherit;">Dr. Binayak Sen, a health and human rights activist, was sentenced to a life-term under this law for 'waging war against the state'. Served 2010.</span></li>
<li><span style="font-family: inherit; line-height: 16.78333282470703px;">Arundhati Roy was sought to be charged with sedition for advocating independence for the disputed Kashmir region. 2010.</span></li>
</ul>
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<span style="background-color: transparent; font-family: inherit;"></span><br />
<a name='more'></a><br />
<span style="font-family: inherit;"><b>History:</b></span><br />
<span lang="EN-GB" style="background-color: transparent; font-family: inherit; text-align: justify; text-indent: 37.7952766418457px;">This is the same clause using which the British sent two famous patriotic Indians - Bal Gangadhar Tilak and Mahatma Gandhi – to prison. </span><br />
<span lang="EN-GB" style="background-color: transparent; font-family: inherit; text-align: justify; text-indent: 37.7952766418457px;"><span lang="EN-GB" style="text-indent: 0px;">Mahatma Gandhi said during the famous Ahmedabad trial in 1922: </span><span lang="EN-GB" style="text-indent: 0px;">“<b>Section 124 A under which I am happily charged is perhaps the prince among the<span class="apple-converted-space"> </span> <span class="apple-converted-space"> </span>political sections of the IPC designed to suppress the liberty of the citizen. Affection cannot be manufactured or regulated by the law.</b>”<b> </b></span><span lang="EN-GB" style="text-indent: 0px;">He also asserted that </span><span style="text-indent: 0px;">“<b>What in law is a deliberate crime appears to me to be the highest duty of a citizen</b>,” </span><span style="text-indent: 0px;">and finally, </span><span style="text-indent: 0px;">“<b>to preach disaffection towards the existing system of Government has become almost a passion with me</b>.” </span></span><br />
<span style="font-family: inherit;"><span lang="EN-GB" style="background-color: transparent; text-align: justify; text-indent: 37.7952766418457px;">This is the same clause about which Jawaharlal Nehru said:<span class="apple-converted-space"> </span> </span><span lang="EN-GB" style="background-color: transparent; text-align: justify; text-indent: 37.7952766418457px;">“…so far as I am concerned </span><b style="background-color: transparent; text-align: justify; text-indent: 37.7952766418457px;"><span lang="EN-GB">that particular Section is highly objectionable and obnoxious</span></b><span lang="EN-GB" style="background-color: transparent; text-align: justify; text-indent: 37.7952766418457px;"> and </span><b style="background-color: transparent; text-align: justify; text-indent: 37.7952766418457px;"><span lang="EN-GB">it should have no place</span></b><span lang="EN-GB" style="background-color: transparent; text-align: justify; text-indent: 37.7952766418457px;"> </span><span lang="EN-GB" style="background-color: transparent; text-align: justify; text-indent: 37.7952766418457px;">both for practical and historical reasons, if you like, </span><b style="background-color: transparent; text-align: justify; text-indent: 37.7952766418457px;"><span lang="EN-GB">in any body of laws that we might pass</span></b><span lang="EN-GB" style="background-color: transparent; text-align: justify; text-indent: 37.7952766418457px;">.</span><b style="background-color: transparent; text-align: justify; text-indent: 37.7952766418457px;">The sooner we get rid of it the better</b><span style="background-color: transparent; text-align: justify; text-indent: 37.7952766418457px;">.</span><span lang="EN-GB" style="background-color: transparent; text-align: justify; text-indent: 37.7952766418457px;">”</span><span lang="EN-GB" style="background-color: transparent; text-align: justify; text-indent: 37.7952766418457px;"> </span></span><br />
<span style="font-family: inherit;">The Ahmedabad Trial of 1922 of Gandhi concerned, the writing of two articles in his paper 'Young India'. The prosecution alleged that he had incited violence in the articles, and was responsible for the violence that occurred in Chauri Chaura (Feb 1922) and at the visit of Prince of Wales to India in 1921. </span><br />
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<span style="font-family: inherit;"><br /></span>
<span style="font-family: inherit;">Also read: </span><a href="http://hyd-n-spook.blogspot.in/2012/09/ahmedabad-trial-of-1922.html">http://hyd-n-spook.blogspot.in/2012/09/ahmedabad-trial-of-1922.html</a><br />
<br /></div>
<span style="font-family: inherit;">
<span style="background-color: transparent;">Source:</span></span><br />
<span style="font-family: inherit;"><span style="background-color: transparent;">1. </span><a href="http://indiankanoon.org/doc/1641007/">http://indiankanoon.org/doc/1641007/</a></span><br />
<span style="font-family: inherit;">2. <a href="http://www.lawyersclubindia.com/forum/Sedition-law-S-124A-IPC-Repeal-this-colonial-legacy-31647.asp#.UGPDt5jMhD1">http://www.lawyersclubindia.com/forum/Sedition-law-S-124A-IPC-Repeal-this-colonial-legacy-31647.asp#.UGPDt5jMhD1</a></span><br />
<span style="font-family: inherit;">3. <a href="http://www.rediff.com/news/slide-show/slide-show-1-five-high-profile-sedition-cases-in-india/20120913.htm">http://www.rediff.com/news/slide-show/slide-show-1-five-high-profile-sedition-cases-in-india/20120913.htm</a></span><br />
4. <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cognizable_offence">http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cognizable_offence</a></div>
Hyd&Spookhttp://www.blogger.com/profile/18061172446704649416noreply@blogger.com5tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-8170933399396423373.post-49454151548167893632012-09-27T08:47:00.002+05:302012-09-27T08:47:21.425+05:30Ahmedabad Trial of 1922<div dir="ltr" style="text-align: left;" trbidi="on">
<span style="font-family: inherit;"><br /></span>
<span style="font-family: inherit;">The Ahmedabad Trial of 1922 of Gandhi concerned, the writing of two articles in his paper 'Young India'. The prosecution alleged that he had incited violence in the articles, and was responsible for the violence that occurred in Chauri Chaura (Feb 1922) and at the visit of </span><br />
<span style="font-family: inherit;">Prince of Wales to India in 1921. </span><br />
<span style="font-family: inherit;"><br class="Apple-interchange-newline" /></span>
<span style="font-family: inherit;">Gandhi was tried under Sec 124A of the Indian Penal Code which relates to Sedition. It is the same article under which Bal Ganagadhar Tilak was sentenced in 1916 (for speeches which were said to incite disaffection against the Government). </span><br />
<span style="font-family: inherit;"><br /></span>
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<span lang="EN-GB" style="background-color: transparent; color: #333333; font-family: inherit; text-align: justify; text-indent: 37.7952766418457px;"><span lang="EN-GB" style="text-indent: 0px;">Mahatma Gandhi said during the famous Ahmedabad trial in 1922: </span><span lang="EN-GB" style="text-indent: 0px;">“<b>Section 124 A under which I am happily charged is perhaps the prince among the<span class="apple-converted-space"> </span> <span class="apple-converted-space"> </span>political sections of the IPC designed to suppress the liberty of the citizen. Affection cannot be manufactured or regulated by the law.</b>”<b> </b></span><span lang="EN-GB" style="text-indent: 0px;">He also asserted that </span><span style="text-indent: 0px;">“<b>What in law is a deliberate crime appears to me to be the highest duty of a citizen</b>,” </span><span style="text-indent: 0px;">and finally, </span><span style="text-indent: 0px;">“<b>to preach disaffection towards the existing system of Government has become almost a passion with me</b>.” </span></span><br />
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<span style="font-family: inherit;"><br /></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: inherit;">For details on the proceedings of the 1922 trial read below, else not required for exam.</span><br />
<span style="font-family: inherit;"></span><br />
<a name='more'></a></div>
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<span style="font-family: inherit;"><big style="background-color: transparent; text-align: justify;"><b>O</b></big><span style="background-color: transparent; text-align: justify;">n 29th September 1922, Gandhi published under his own name an article in his paper "Young India". Among the most serious features of the seditious incitements of the Ali Brothers was their attempt to tamper with the loyalty of the Indian troops. Gandhi wrote in his article that "he was not prepared for the revelation of such hopeless ignorance on the part of the Governor of Bombay. It is evident that he has not followed the course of Indian history during the past twelve months. He evidently does not know that the National Congress began to tamper with the loyalty of the sepoy in September last year; that the Central Khilafat Committee began it earlier, and that he himself began it earlier still." "I have no hesitation in saying," Gandhi proceeded, "that it is sinful for anyone, either soldiers or civilian, to serve this Government which has proved treacherous to the Mussalmans of India, and which has been guilty of the inhumanities of the Panjab. I have said this from many a platform in the presence of sepoys". "I shall not hesitate (when the time is ripe), at the peril of being shot, to ask the Indian sepoy individually to leave his service and become a weaver. </span>
</span><br />
<span style="font-family: inherit;"><span style="background-color: transparent; text-align: justify;"><br /></span>
<big style="background-color: transparent; text-align: justify;"><b>G</b></big><span style="background-color: transparent; text-align: justify;">andhi wrote and published another article in his paper in which he answered Lord Reading, the Viceroy, who had, in a public speech, said that he felt perplexed and puzzled by the activities of a section of the Indian community. Lord Reading had stated: "I ask myself what purpose is served by flagrant breaches of the law for the purpose of challenging the Government and in order to compel arrest?" Gandhi's answer was: "We seek arrest because the so-called freedom is slavery. We are challenging the might of this Government because we consider its activity to be wholly evil. We want to overthrow the Government. We want to compel its submission to the people's will. We desire to show that the Government exists to serve the people, not the people the Government. "In a third article, he wrote: "No empire intoxicated with the red wine of power and plunder of weaker races has yet lived long in this world, and this 'British Empire " which is based upon organised exploitation of physically weaker races of the earth, and upon a continuous exhibition of brute force, cannot live, if there is a just God ruling the universe." .</span>
</span><br />
<span style="font-family: inherit;"><span style="background-color: transparent; text-align: justify;"><br /></span>
Gandhi was booked under Section 124A of the Indian Penal Code for spreading disaffection against the Government. <span style="background-color: transparent; text-align: justify;">He and his co-accused Shankarlal Banker, the printer of "Young India ", both pleaded guilty. The prosecution </span><span style="background-color: transparent; text-align: justify;">stressed the fact that the articles were not isolated instances, but formed part of a regular campaign to spread disaffection, openly and systematically, to render Government impossible and so to overthrow it...</span><span style="background-color: transparent; text-align: justify;">that a campaign of this nature must, if unchecked, necessarily lead to happenings such as had taken place in Bombay and Chauri Chaura rioting, murder and destruction of property, involving numerous persons in misery and misfortune. Gandhi said, "</span><span style="background-color: transparent; text-align: justify;">I have come to the conclusion that it is impossible for me to dissociate myself from the diabolical crimes of Chauri Chaura or the mad outrages of Bombay....</span><span style="background-color: transparent; text-align: justify;">I wanted to avoid violence. Non-violence is the first article of my faith. It is the last article of my faith. But I had to make my choice. I had either to submit to a system which I considered has done an irreparable harm to my country, or incur the risk of the mad fury of my people bursting forth when they understood the truth from my lips. I know that my people have sometimes gone mad. I am deeply sorry for it; and I am, therefore, here to submit not to a light penalty but to the highest penalty. The only course open to you, Mr. Judge, is, as I am just going to say in my statement, either to resign your post or inflict on me the severest penalty."</span></span><br />
<span style="font-family: inherit;"><span style="background-color: transparent; text-align: justify;"><br /></span>
<big style="background-color: transparent; text-align: justify;"><b>T</b></big><span style="background-color: transparent; text-align: justify;">he judge. Mr. Broomfield, then proceeded to pronounce sentence. He said: "Mr. Gandhi, you have made my task easy in one way by pleading guilty to the charge....<b>B</b></span><span style="background-color: transparent; text-align: justify;">ut having regard to the nature of your political teaching and the nature of many of those to whom it was addressed, how you can have continued to believe that violence and anarchy would not be the inevitable consequence, it passes my capacity to understand....I am trying to balance what is due to you against what appears to me to be necessary in the interest of the public; and I propose, in passing sentence, to follow the precedent of the case, in many respects similar to this case, that was decided some twelve years ago, the case of Mr. Bal Gangadhar Tilak, under the same </span></span><br />
<span style="font-family: inherit;"><span style="background-color: transparent; text-align: justify;">section. The sentence that was passed upon him as it finally stood, was a sentence of simple imprisonment for six years. You will not consider it unreasonable, I think, that you should be classed with Mr. Tilak; and that is the sentence two years' simple imprisonment on each count of the charge, six years in all, which I feel it my duty to pass upon you. "The Judge added, "if the course of events in India should make it possible for Government to reduce the period and release you, nobody would be better pleased than I".</span></span><br />
<span style="font-family: inherit;"><span style="background-color: transparent; text-align: justify;"><br /></span></span>
<span style="font-family: inherit;"><span style="background-color: transparent; text-align: justify;">Sources:</span></span><br />
1. <a href="http://bombayhighcourt.nic.in/libweb/historicalcases/cases/TRIAL_OF__MAHATMA_GANDHI-1922.html">http://bombayhighcourt.nic.in/libweb/historicalcases/cases/TRIAL_OF__MAHATMA_GANDHI-1922.html</a><br />
2. <a href="http://www.lawyersclubindia.com/forum/Sedition-law-S-124A-IPC-Repeal-this-colonial-legacy-31647.asp#.UGPDt5jMhD1">http://www.lawyersclubindia.com/forum/Sedition-law-S-124A-IPC-Repeal-this-colonial-legacy-31647.asp#.UGPDt5jMhD1</a></div>
Hyd&Spookhttp://www.blogger.com/profile/18061172446704649416noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-8170933399396423373.post-47725196393881369932012-09-26T10:12:00.002+05:302012-09-26T10:12:23.328+05:30Eurasian Union and Eurasian Commission<div dir="ltr" style="text-align: left;" trbidi="on">
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<div style="background-color: white; margin-bottom: 0.5em; margin-top: 0.4em;">
<span style="font-family: inherit;"><span style="line-height: 19.194442749023438px;">The </span><b style="line-height: 19.194442749023438px;">Eurasian Union</b><span style="line-height: 19.194442749023438px;"> (</span><b style="line-height: 19.194442749023438px;">EAU</b><span style="line-height: 19.194442749023438px;">) </span><span style="line-height: 19.194442749023438px; white-space: nowrap;">is</span><span style="line-height: 19.194442749023438px;"> a proposed </span><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Economic_union" style="background-image: none; color: #0b0080; line-height: 19.194442749023438px; text-decoration: none;" title="Economic union">economic</a><span style="line-height: 19.194442749023438px;"> and </span><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Political_union" style="background-image: none; color: #0b0080; line-height: 19.194442749023438px; text-decoration: none;" title="Political union">political union</a><span style="line-height: 19.194442749023438px;"> of </span><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Belarus" style="background-image: none; color: #0b0080; line-height: 19.194442749023438px; text-decoration: none;" title="Belarus">Belarus</a><span style="line-height: 19.194442749023438px;">, </span><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kazakhstan" style="background-image: none; color: #0b0080; line-height: 19.194442749023438px; text-decoration: none;" title="Kazakhstan">Kazakhstan</a><span style="line-height: 19.194442749023438px;">, </span><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kyrgyzstan" style="background-image: none; color: #0b0080; line-height: 19.194442749023438px; text-decoration: none;" title="Kyrgyzstan">Kyrgyzstan</a><span style="line-height: 19.194442749023438px;">, the </span><a class="mw-redirect" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Russian_Federation" style="background-image: none; color: #0b0080; line-height: 19.194442749023438px; text-decoration: none;" title="Russian Federation">Russian Federation</a><span style="line-height: 19.194442749023438px;">, </span><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tajikistan" style="background-image: none; color: #0b0080; line-height: 19.194442749023438px; text-decoration: none;" title="Tajikistan">Tajikistan</a><span style="font-size: x-small;"><span style="line-height: 13.316666603088379px;"> </span></span><span style="line-height: 19.194442749023438px;"> and other </span><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Eurasia" style="background-image: none; color: #0b0080; line-height: 19.194442749023438px; text-decoration: none;" title="Eurasia">Eurasian</a><span style="line-height: 19.194442749023438px;"> countries, in particular the </span><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Post-Soviet_states" style="background-image: none; color: #0b0080; line-height: 19.194442749023438px; text-decoration: none;" title="Post-Soviet states">post-Soviet states</a><span style="line-height: 19.194442749023438px;">. </span><span style="line-height: 19.194442749023438px;">The idea, based on the <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/European_Union" style="background-image: none; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; color: #0b0080; text-decoration: none;" title="European Union">European Union</a>'s integration, was brought to attention in October 2011 by the <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Prime_Minister_of_Russia" style="background-image: none; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; color: #0b0080; text-decoration: none;" title="Prime Minister of Russia">Prime Minister of Russia</a>, <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vladimir_Putin" style="background-image: none; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; color: #0b0080; text-decoration: none;" title="Vladimir Putin">Vladimir Putin</a>,</span><span style="line-height: 19.194442749023438px;"><span style="line-height: 10.399999618530273px;"> </span></span><span style="line-height: 19.194442749023438px;">but was first proposed as a concept by the </span><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/President_of_Kazakhstan" style="background-image: none; color: #0b0080; line-height: 19.194442749023438px; text-decoration: none;" title="President of Kazakhstan">President of Kazakhstan</a><span style="line-height: 19.194442749023438px;">, </span><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nursultan_Nazarbayev" style="background-image: none; color: #0b0080; line-height: 19.194442749023438px; text-decoration: none;" title="Nursultan Nazarbayev">Nursultan Nazarbayev</a><span style="line-height: 19.194442749023438px;"> in </span><span style="line-height: 19.194442749023438px;">1994. </span></span></div>
<div style="background-color: white; line-height: 19.194442749023438px; margin-bottom: 0.5em; margin-top: 0.4em;">
<span style="font-family: inherit;"><span style="background-color: transparent; line-height: 19.194442749023438px;">The Eurasian Union is said to be a continuation of the </span><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Customs_Union_of_Belarus,_Kazakhstan_and_Russia" style="background-image: none; color: #0b0080; line-height: 19.194442749023438px; text-decoration: none;" title="Customs Union of Belarus, Kazakhstan and Russia">Customs Union of Belarus, Kazakhstan and Russia</a>, which <span style="line-height: 19.194442749023438px;">has already brought partial economic unity between the three states. </span></span></div>
<div style="background-color: white; line-height: 19.194442749023438px; margin-bottom: 0.5em; margin-top: 0.4em;">
<span style="font-family: inherit;"><span style="line-height: 19.194442749023438px;">On 18 November 2011, the presidents of Belarus, Kazakhstan and Russia signed an agreement, setting a target of <b>establishing the Eurasian Union by 2015</b>.</span><span style="line-height: 19.194442749023438px;">The agreement included the roadmap for the future integration and established the: (i) </span><span style="line-height: 19.194442749023438px;"><b>Eurasian Commission</b> (modelled on the </span><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/European_Commission" style="background-image: none; color: #0b0080; line-height: 19.194442749023438px; text-decoration: none;" title="European Commission">European Commission</a><span style="line-height: 19.194442749023438px;">) and (ii) </span><span style="line-height: 19.194442749023438px;">the <b>Eurasian Economic Space</b>, </span><span style="line-height: 19.194442749023438px;">which started work on 1 January 2012.</span><sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-bbc18Nov2011_5-1" style="line-height: 1em;"><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Eurasian_Union#cite_note-bbc18Nov2011-5" style="background-image: none; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; color: #0b0080; text-decoration: none; white-space: nowrap;">[6]</a></sup><sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-tut.by_6-0" style="line-height: 1em;"><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Eurasian_Union#cite_note-tut.by-6" style="background-image: none; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; color: #0b0080; text-decoration: none; white-space: nowrap;">[7]</a></sup></span></div>
<div style="background-color: white; line-height: 19.194442749023438px; margin-bottom: 0.5em; margin-top: 0.4em;">
<span style="font-family: inherit;"><span style="line-height: 19.194442749023438px;">The Eurasian Union is said to be the brainchild of Vladimir Putin in the wake of his planned third term as the </span><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/President_of_Russia" style="background-image: none; color: #0b0080; line-height: 19.194442749023438px; text-decoration: none;" title="President of Russia">President of Russia</a><span style="line-height: 19.194442749023438px;">. If realised, it would comprise a number of states which were part of the former</span><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Soviet_Union" style="background-image: none; color: #0b0080; line-height: 19.194442749023438px; text-decoration: none;" title="Soviet Union">Soviet Union</a>. However <span style="line-height: 19.194442749023438px;">critics claim that this drive towards integration aims to restore the </span><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Soviet_Empire" style="background-image: none; color: #0b0080; line-height: 19.194442749023438px; text-decoration: none;" title="Soviet Empire">Soviet Empire</a><span style="line-height: 19.194442749023438px;">.</span></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: inherit;"><b><br /></b></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: inherit;"><b>Eurasian Commission</b>: <span style="line-height: 19.194442749023438px;"> T</span><span style="line-height: 19.194442749023438px;">he Eurasian Economic Commission is the supranational governing body of the Eurasian Economic Space, which started work on 1 January 2012. </span></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: inherit;"><span style="line-height: 19.194442749023438px;">The headquarters of the commission will be in Moscow, and the expenses of the infrastructure and accommodation of commission workers will be financed by Russia, while in general the commission budget will be financed by all three countries and dependent on taxation shares received from the </span><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Customs_Union_of_Belarus,_Kazakhstan_and_Russia" style="background-image: none; color: #0b0080; line-height: 19.194442749023438px; text-decoration: none;" title="Customs Union of Belarus, Kazakhstan and Russia">Customs Union of Belarus, Kazakhstan and Russia</a><span style="line-height: 19.194442749023438px;">. </span></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: inherit; line-height: 19.194442749023438px;">The Eurasian Commission will be eligible to make decisions with regard to:customs policies, </span><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Macroeconomics" style="background-image: none; color: #0b0080; font-family: inherit; line-height: 19.194442749023438px; text-decoration: none;" title="Macroeconomics">macroeconomics</a><span style="font-family: inherit; line-height: 19.194442749023438px;">, regulation of </span><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Competition_(economics)" style="background-image: none; color: #0b0080; font-family: inherit; line-height: 19.194442749023438px; text-decoration: none;" title="Competition (economics)">economic competition</a><span style="font-family: inherit; line-height: 19.194442749023438px;">, </span><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Energy_policy" style="background-image: none; color: #0b0080; font-family: inherit; line-height: 19.194442749023438px; text-decoration: none;" title="Energy policy">energy policy</a><span style="font-family: inherit; line-height: 19.194442749023438px;">, and </span><a class="mw-redirect" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Financial_policy" style="background-image: none; color: #0b0080; font-family: inherit; line-height: 19.194442749023438px; text-decoration: none;" title="Financial policy">financial policy</a><span style="font-family: inherit; line-height: 19.194442749023438px;">. The Commission will also be involved in </span><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Government_procurement" style="background-image: none; color: #0b0080; font-family: inherit; line-height: 19.194442749023438px; text-decoration: none;" title="Government procurement">government procurement</a><span style="font-family: inherit; line-height: 19.194442749023438px;"> and </span><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Human_migration" style="background-image: none; color: #0b0080; font-family: inherit; line-height: 19.194442749023438px; text-decoration: none;" title="Human migration">labour migration</a><span style="font-family: inherit; line-height: 19.194442749023438px;"> </span><span style="font-family: inherit; line-height: 19.194442749023438px;">control.</span><span style="font-family: inherit; line-height: 19.194442749023438px;">The agreement on the Commission contains stringent anti-corruption regulations. 1</span></div>
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<b><span style="font-family: inherit;">ANALYSIS</span></b></div>
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<span style="font-family: inherit;"><span style="color: #282828; line-height: 20.71666717529297px;">The <a href="http://www.telegraph.co.uk/sponsored/russianow/opinion/8992290/Eurasian-Economic-Commission-works.html" style="color: #234b7b; outline: 0px; text-decoration: none;">Eurasian concept</a> has dual intent: (a) </span></span><span style="color: #282828; font-family: inherit; line-height: 20.71666717529297px;">to underline that it is different from the existing EU but also, (b) to demonstrate that it is based on similar organisational principles.</span></div>
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<span style="font-family: inherit;"><span style="color: #282828; line-height: 20.71666717529297px;"><b>Importance of Ukraine</b>: It becomes clear that in fact it (Eurasian Union) has nothing to do with Eurasia and has everything to do with a single country, which, incidentally, is situated in Europe of all places: <b>Ukraine</b>. Its key task is to draw Kiev into the integration project. G</span><span style="color: #282828; line-height: 20.71666717529297px;">etting Kiev on board would give the organisation, ie, the existing Customs Union, a totally different format. If Ukraine, with its vast market and a potentially strong and diversified economy, joins it, it will become a serious structure that everyone else will have to take into account.</span></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: inherit;"><b>Central Asia: </b>It would seem that the Eurasian space per se – Central Asia, that is – is only marginally on the project proponents’ minds. This is hardly surprising, since, from the economic point of view, the most likely candidates (Kyrgyzstan and Tajikistan) will bring at least as many problems as they will benefits.</span></div>
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<span style="font-family: inherit;"><b>Kazakhastan:</b> So, for a long time to come, the Eurasian dimension is likely to be confined to the capable and resource-rich Kazakhstan. </span></div>
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<span style="font-family: inherit;">A Eurasian Union growing out of the Customs Union is a utilitarian undertaking. Its <b>objective is to expand markets and rebuild some of the manufacturing chains destroyed by the collapse of the Soviet Union</b>, all by reproducing on this territory the European integration principles dating back to the second half of the 20th century. Its <b>catalyst is the deep crisis within the European Union, which is bound to be dealing exclusively with its own internal problems for the foreseeable future and not paying much attention to neighbouring countries. </b></span><span style="font-family: inherit; line-height: 1.48em;">So, Russia has been given a lucky chance to reduce the level of competition. Plus, the idea itself is totally reasonable and might have a future.</span></div>
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<span style="font-family: inherit;"><span style="line-height: 20.71666717529297px;">This, however, marks the beginning of yet another misconception or, to be more precise, the <b>lack of any clear vision by the project’s architects</b>. </span><span style="line-height: 1.48em;">The proponents of the Eurasian Union lack the right language to describe this structure in modern and futuristic terms. A</span></span><span style="font-family: inherit; line-height: 1.48em;"><b> holistic picture is lacking</b>, be it shared values or common geopolitical interests of the partners, the argumentation tends to slip back into the usual reminiscences of how great life used to be back in the day. </span><span style="font-family: inherit; line-height: 1.48em;">Other former Union republics do not quite share Russia’s fascination with nostalgia for the common Soviet past. While Russia mourns the loss of her might, the others celebrate the birth of their sovereignty. </span></div>
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<span style="font-family: inherit; line-height: 1.48em;">Meanwhile, Eurasian integration is special in that it is based, to an even greater extent than European integration, on agreements between leaders, which means that spooking regal partners with the spectre of the erstwhile “centre–periphery” system of relations is hardly a good idea. </span><span style="font-family: inherit; line-height: 1.48em;">What is more, if Moscow had, indeed, aspired to recreate some sort of a Soviet Union, this rhetoric would have at least made some sense. But nobody is actually trying to do this and the corresponding set of emotions and arguments is exactly that: a haphazard filling of the vacuum with whatever comes to hand.</span></div>
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<span style="font-family: inherit;">The proposed Eurasian Union is not what it appears to be at first glance. It is not a political embodiment of the “great steppe”; nor is it a reincarnation of the USSR, and it is only marginally an alternative to the European Union.</span></div>
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<span style="font-family: inherit;">If the project continues – and the political will to promote it is very strong – its shell is likely to become filled with some more tangible content, while the potential benefits will encourage its participants to find an ideological framework.</span></div>
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<span style="font-family: inherit;">Until then, the Eurasian Union will be yet another brilliant illustration of the transitory state of the Russian mindset, which has clearly started drifting away from its former imperial matrix, but still cannot (and does not want to) admit as much.2</span></div>
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<strong>What does a Eurasian Union mean for the West?</strong></h3>
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If the US and the EU do not develop a more concerted strategy towards Russia, this could lead to the emergence of new polarities and alignments in post-Soviet Eurasia, where the CIS region would be not only a privileged but, primarily, a defining sphere of action for Russia.</div>
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<em>'Some states may decide that Russia is not necessarily their main threat, and instead view Moscow as a natural ally against domestic and external threats.’</em></div>
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In the coming years Russia is most unlikely to challenge the US and the EU at a global level. What is more likely is that Russia will present a growing direct challenge to American and European interests in its own immediate neighborhood. Future engagement in the Arab world and the Middle East could easily push the CIS region to the margins of European and American strategy, leaving Russia to act as main security arbiter. This could result in a new cycle of tensions with Western democracies, and a renewal of strained relations between the West and Russia could easily contribute to the future isolation and insecurity of the CIS region.</div>
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The most important question here is whether the wider public in post-Soviet countries where opposition to Russian domination, and a sense of grievance and injustice, remain strong, will passively accept such a scenario. Memories of the seven-decade experiment in totalitarianism that was imposed on them are bound to resurface, as all these states seek to establish themselves as viable independent and democratic nations. 3</div>
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<b style="line-height: 19.194442749023438px;"><span style="font-family: inherit;">Sources:</span></b></div>
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<span style="font-family: inherit; line-height: 19.194442749023438px;">1. </span><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Eurasian_Union" style="background-color: transparent; font-family: inherit; line-height: 19.194442749023438px;">http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Eurasian_Union</a></div>
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<span style="font-family: inherit; line-height: 19.194442749023438px;">2. </span><a href="http://www.telegraph.co.uk/sponsored/russianow/opinion/9548428/eurasian-union-explanation.html" style="background-color: transparent; font-family: inherit; line-height: 19.194442749023438px;">http://www.telegraph.co.uk/sponsored/russianow/opinion/9548428/eurasian-union-explanation.html</a></div>
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<span style="line-height: 19.194442749023438px;">3. </span><a href="http://www.opendemocracy.net/od-russia/elkhan-nuriyev/putin%E2%80%99s-plan-for-russia%E2%80%99s-neighbours-eurasian-union" style="background-color: transparent; line-height: 19.194442749023438px;">http://www.opendemocracy.net/od-russia/elkhan-nuriyev/putin%E2%80%99s-plan-for-russia%E2%80%99s-neighbours-eurasian-union</a><span style="line-height: 19.194442749023438px;"> </span></div>
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Hyd&Spookhttp://www.blogger.com/profile/18061172446704649416noreply@blogger.com3