Saturday, 16 February 2013

Integrity Pacts


Integrity Pacts are in the news because of the Rs.3600 crore VVIP Chopper deal.  As allegations of bribery have arisen, the GoI has warned of takin strict legal action invoking the integrity pact that provides for cancellation of the contract if bribes are paid and recovery of the money paid. 3
Integrity Pacts are a tool for preventing corruption in public contracting. They are essentially an agreement between the government agency offering a contract and the companies bidding for it that they will abstain from bribery, collusion and other corrupt practices for the extent of the contract.  To ensure accountability, Integrity Pacts also include a monitoring system typically led by civil society groups.
Integrity Pacts have been around since the 1990s, and have been applied in more than 15 countries.1
Purpose
It is intended to accomplish two primary objectives:
1.    To enable companies to abstain from bribing by providing assurances to them that (i) their competitors will also refrain from bribing, and (ii) the government procurement, privatisation or licensing agencies will undertake to prevent corruption, including extortion, by their officials and to follow transparent procedures.
2.    To enable governments to reduce the high cost and the distortionary impact of corruption on public procurement, privatisation or licensing. 2

Friday, 1 February 2013

Customs Law


Meaning
Customs duty is a duty or tax, which is levied by Central Govt. on import of goods into, and export of goods from, India. It is collected from the importer or exporter of goods, but its incidence is actually borne by the consumer of the goods and not by the importer or the exporter who pay it.

Saturday, 26 January 2013

Congress Sessions and notable activities

Reproduced from:http://www.cssforum.com.pk/css-compulsory-subjects/pakistan-affairs/62454-pak-study-notes.html

Please feel free to add info and I shall try and update the list.- Spurthi

Year     Venue       President           Remark


1885   Mumbai     W.C.Bannerjee      72delegates
1886   Kolkata      Dadabhai Naroji    436delegates
1887   Chennai     Badruddin Tyabji   First Muslim President
1888   Allahabad   George Yule         First English President
1889   Mumbai      Sir William Wedderbum 1889 delegates
1892   Allahabad   W.C. Bannjerjee
1895   Poona        Surendranath Bannerji
1905   Lahore       G.K. Gokhale
1906   Kolkata      Dadabhai Naroji
1907   Surat        Rashbehari Ghosh     Congress split and session broke up
1908   Chennai     Rashbehari Ghosh  A constitution for the Congress
1915   Mumbai     Sir S.P. Sinha
1916   Lucknow    A.C.Majumdar       Congress Merger and Pact with MuslimLeague
1917   Kolkata       Mrs.Annie Besant   First Woman president
1920   Nagpur       C. Vijaya Raghavachariyar Change the constitution the Congress
1922   Gaya         C.R. Das                Formation of Swaraj Party
1924   Begaon      Mahatma Gandhi     First time he became Indian President
1925   Cawnpore  Mrs. Sarojini Naidu
1927   Chennai     M.A. Ansari          Independence Resolution Passed for the first time on the instance of J.L. Nehru
1928   Kolkata      Motilal Nehru        First All India Youth Gongress
1929   Lahore       Jawaharlal Nehru    Poona Swaraj Resolution
1931   Karachi      Vallabhbhai Patel    Resolution on Fundamental Rights and National Economic Policy
1934   Mumbai      Rajendra Prasad     Formation of Congress Socialist party
1936   Lucknow    Jawaharlal Nehru
1937   Faizpur      Jawaharlal Nehru First session to be held in a village
1938   Haripura     Subhash Chandra Bose
1939   Tripuri        Subhash Chandra Bose    Resignation of S.C. Bose (Rajendra Prasad took over) and formation of power Block
1946   Meerut       Jawahar Lal Nehru
1947                    J.B. Kriplani 

Facts about Congress' Foundation in 1885


  • The significance of A.O. Hume’s involvement was to remove official hostility.
  • The first Session at Gokuldas Tejpal Sanskrit College in Mumbai.
  • The first president was Womesh Chandra Bannerjee of Bengal.
  • It was attended by 100 men of whom 72 were non-officials and were recongnised as members.
  • The founder members were PherozshahMehta, Badruddin Tayabji, W.C. Banerjee, Romesh Chandra Dutt, Dadabhai Naroji etc.
  • Initially it was named Indian National Union.
  • The name Indian National Congress was on the suggestion of Dadabhai Nauroji.
  • Earlier Poona was selected for the venue, but it had to be shifted to Mumbai because of the outbreak of Cholera in Poona.
  • The Governor-General of India at the time of its foundation was Lord Dufferin.
  • Among the classes, the educated middle class had the largest share in the beginning.
  • The legal profession was most heavily represented among the professions.
  • The Brahmins among the castes were comparatively large in number.
  • Among the provinces, Mumbai, Kolkata and Chennai took the leading part.
  • Landed classes and the masses were absent.
  • Foundation of “British Committee of the Congress” in 1889 by Dada Bhai Nauroji, A.O. Hume and William Wedderburn to influence British Public opinion at London.
  • Dada Bhai started the journal ‘India’ in 1890.i

Source: http://www.cssforum.com.pk/css-compulsory-subjects/pakistan-affairs/62454-pak-study-notes.html

Viceroys and Governor-Generals of British India, 1757-1947

Hello All,

Please find below short notes on the activities and achievements of various governors and viceroys of India. I have reproduced this content from, prepare to be surprised- a Study Forum of civil service aspirants of Pakistan: 

http://www.cssforum.com.pk/css-compulsory-subjects/pakistan-affairs/62454-pak-study-notes.html. 

Were you surprised? I certainly was, when I first came across this site many months ago. And believe it, some of the content they were studying was from our IGNOU notes. So the circle comes full. And am including all of us in it too by sharing this content. :)

I cannot vouch for the total factual correctness of the content below, but I believe most of it would be correct. Thanks to UmarBajwa for posting this information on the original site.

Happy studying :)

Spurthi

Robert Clive (1757-67) (1766-67)
Governor of Bengal from 1757-60 and again from 1765-67.
Started dual Government in Bengal in 1765.
He forbade the servants of the company from indulging in private trade and made payment of internal duties obligatory.
Established Society of Trade in 1765 with monopoly of trade in salt, betelnuit and tobacco However this was abolished in 1767.
Bengal white Mutiny-by white brigades at Allahabad and Monghyr, they were arrested and tried.

Warren Hasting (1772-85)
First Governor General after serving as the Governor of Bengal (1772).
Introduced quinquennial settlement of land revenue in 1772 farming out lands to the highest bidder, later on he reversed to annual settlement (1777) on the basis of open auction to the highest bidder.
Made the appointment of collectors and other revenue officials.
Codified Hindu and Muslim laws.
Trial of Nand Kumar and his judicial murder in 1775.
6. Fondation of Asiastic Society of Bengal with the help of Sir William Jones in 1784.
Associated with the Chait Singh (Raj of Banaras) affair (1778).
Associated with Bengams of Oudh affair (1782).
After his return of England in 1785, impeachment proceedings were initiated against him in the house of Lords but after a long trial of 7 years he was eventually acquitted.
Dual Govt. was abolished in 1772 by him.
In 1776 Manu’s Law was Translated into English as Code of Gentoo Laws.
In 1991 William Jones and Colebrok prepared digest of Hindu Laws.
Fatawa-i-Alamgiri was also tranlated.

Tamralipta National Government, 1942-44


The ‘Quit India’ Movement of 1942 was a watershed in India’s struggle for freedom. A unique feature of the ‘Movement’ was formation of a series of independent local Governments in some parts of the country, like Satara in Maharashtra, Ballia in Uttar Pradesh and Tamluk in West Bengal. 

Among these, the ‘Tamralipta Jatiya Sarkar’ (National Government) of Tamluk was really innovative since it set up Police Stations, Military Departments, Courts and even a system for revenue collection. They also had an active women's wings- Bidyut Bahini. Those who played important roles in the uprising in Tamluk included Ajoy Kumar Mukherjee and Matangini Hazra, among others. The Sarkar continued to function till August 1944, when taking note of the changed circumstances, Mahatma Gandhi advised to wind up its activities.5

President Pranab Mukherjee unveiled statues of three freedom fighters who led the Tamralipta Jatiya Sarkar:
Ajoy Mukherjee, 
Satish Chandra Samanta and 
Sushil Kumar Dhara.

Sunday, 23 December 2012

Interview Tips by other Toppers

Heylo All,

Found some posts offering advice on interview preparation. So generally  letting you know. And as Bijay Ketan Upadhyay (IAS) writes "Fortune favours the prepared mind". So prepare well :)

1. http://bijayketanupadhyayaias.blogspot.in/2010/03/interview-preparation-for-ias-keep.html
2. http://bijayketanupadhyayaias.blogspot.in/2010/05/interview-preparation-part-ii.html
3. http://piedhornbill.blogspot.in/2009/01/seasons-greetings-and-gear-up-for.html
4. http://shubhra-saxena.blogspot.in/2009/06/my-interview.html
5. http://garima-mittal-ias.blogspot.in/2010/08/interview.html
6. http://prabhjotsinghgujral.blogspot.in/2010/07/few-words-on-interview.html
7. http://ghanshyamthori.blogspot.in/2009_04_01_archive.html
8. http://intellection-rajiv.blogspot.in/2010/04/it-was-purushottam-agrawal.html
9. http://intellection-rajiv.blogspot.in/2010/04/it-was-purushottam-agrawal.html
10. http://kashishmittal.wordpress.com/2011/06/24/my-upsc-interview/
11. http://ghanshyamthori.blogspot.in/2010/03/deja-vunot-desirable-anymore.html

For my own interview experience-read this: http://hyd-n-spook.blogspot.in/2012/03/interview-tips.html

Also, if any of you find other relevant posts regarding interview prep, do let us know through the comments. section.

Thanks
Spurthi

Friday, 21 December 2012

Heylo & Online Sociology Course


Dear Friends,

I expect you all must have had a good break after the exams and most of you may have begun prep again. Unfortunately I haven't been able to do this. And I have been inactive on the blog front too. For those of you who have been checking the blog for new posts (esp Ramesh who wrote in)- am sorry for the lack of response. But I seek your indulgence for a little more time. I will be active from January onwards for certain.

Meanwhile, I have come across an online course on "Introduction to Sociology". This is not tailored to our syllabus but it seems as if it will help us understand how to apply sociology better- and given the increasing emphasis on application-based questioning, I think it will be useful. Do check it out. The website has other interesting courses too.
(https://www.coursera.org/course/soc101)

Else all well. Take care. Ciao.

Spurthi

Monday, 22 October 2012

Short Reply

Hi Guys and Gals,

Am sorry, havent been very prompt in replying nor posting. I am traveling at the moment and will be able to properly respond only after the first week of November-so do bear with me till then. Meanwhile a brief preliminary reply to some queries:

Interview prep: please check out the following post on Interview tips .

Material for  PubAd paper1 compulsory questions: well, like most of you, I too was stumped by the questions. I think UPSC is trying to throw coaching centres off their game.  The only theorist I had heard of was Pareto in the 'Pareto optimality' and 'Pareto improvements' question-but unfortuntely didnt know anything about the two concepts. The remaining statements were related to our syllabus and am sure you must have read them too.
For eg in 1(c)"Man's motives in different subparts of the same organization may be different". Discuss.-  I wrote about importance of 'unity of direction', matching individual goal to organizational goal, pitfalls of 'goal displacement' etc. So although I didnt know the theorist Edgar Schien, I am telling myself that i wrote something sensible there.
Similarly for 1(d) "leadership is 'incremental influence' - I wrote about employee-oriented leader, leader as amateur psychologist, etc-basically one could have drawn upon leadership theories.

So what I am trying to say is that if we know our basics correctly then we can surely answer questions in a satisficing manner. Nonetheless value addition is imperative to keep up with UPSC. I dont know definite books to read but can suggest a way forward.
  • Start with your defined syllabus. 
  • Second, when you pick up a theorist, try and research a little about him beyond the coaching notes. Read up the wikipedia entry on his life- that may clarify his theory, put forth other ideas of his. 
  • For eg: Q3(a) asked about features of Simon's bounded rationality- my coaching teacher, Mr. Mohanty, had only told us about satisficing . But when i was randomly reading Simon's nobel prize speech, I came across the concept of search for alternatives. Unfortunately i didnt know about aspiration adaptation. So, what I am saying is that use the internet and read around the theorist and theory as well. 
  • Thirdly, always know about the history of a concept and its current relevance. This means that you will have to refer to recent developments on the issue. 
  • Fourthly, read about the theorists' collaborators or the thinkers who have contributed to a particular line if thought. 
  • Fifthly, a number of foreign universities put up material on theories and theorists-refer to those cause they are authoritative texts.
  • And more specifically, research the thinkers that were asked in the exam-read about them- dont think ki is saal pooch liya to agle saal nahi poochenge. All information and knowledge is valuable. 
  • Next, check out the past year question papers, and see if there are any concepts or thinkers you havent heard about-if so look them up and make notes.
I dont know how much dividend this approach will yield, but am sure whatever knowledge you accumulate will have a positive impact on your answer. If others have suggestions, do write in cause collaboration in this exam is very important for success. :)

How I gathered topics of relevance and what you can also do: will address in detail later, but for starters- I tried to read the newspaper (Hindu and Business Standard) thoroughly everyday and make notes- just this task would take up 4-5 hours daily.So do devote time to reading the paper and understanding the issues and all their linkages. Try and read a business paper as well.
I tried to read some books that we all think of reading but maybe never get around to like: Economic Survey, ARC2 Reports, magazines like The Economist, Foreign Policy, EPW. Try and do this as regularly as you can. The magazines will give you different insights into the issue which may not always be there in the Hindu. 

Lastly enjoy gathering knowledge. You never know what you read will come handy. For eg, last year I generally read up on Louis Baker and his architectural principles-must have spent a good day or two dreaming about the perfect house and what it would be like-and lo and behold- I waxed eloquent about Baker in the GS paper [definitely a little too eloquently :P]. Then again, I generally read about Kullu Dussehra, contemplating a visit there,  and came to know that they dont burn the effigy of Ravan as he was a Shivbhakt, and used this info in an answer on 'Great and Little Traditions' in Sociology.

So, my point is enjoy knowing about stuff and learning about it. Expand your interests. Secondly, do not confine yourselves to books to gain knowledge. Whichever city you are in, pay a visit to the museums around, go watch cultural performances, visit historical monuments, participate in discussions etc.

Analysis of Exam pattern, CSE2013:  will write at leisure about this.

So, basically I couldn't be concise but this is definitely a preliminary response. Will get back to you all in a fortnight's time. Till then, enjoy the break.

Ciao
Spurthi.

p.s.: @ Ashish and Anonymous who address me as 'Ma'am'- please call me by my name- we are all equal comrades in this exam and in life. :)

Friday, 19 October 2012

Blog Success-2012 Mains Optionals

Hello comrades,

I am so happy that the blog has assisted in your preps in some manner. Thank you for your comments and all the wishes. I too wish that all your scores are propelled skywards and you feature prominently in the final list.

Many of you have expressed interest in knowing my views about the papers- am truly flattered and humbled. I too want to analyse the questions papers-and present my view. Its just that when I started that effort, I felt quite blank, as if my mind was resisting attempts to revisit the papers and my performance [maybe i was subconsciously scared that i will discover so much that i could have written and what i shouldn't have] :) So give me a couple of days and in the meantime I am going to analyse the optionals. This effort too is throwing up a lot of info which was on my blog, and which unfortunately didnt strike me in the exam. So here goes...

PUBLIC ADMINISTRATION I

4(b) Should media exposure be included in rules for administrative accountability in India? [15mks]
Media and Democracy
Factors influencing government responsiveness
-these posts could have helped in saying that media furthers democracy and ensuring administrative accountability to media can strengthen democracy in various ways. The example of Manipur could be effectively used.

4(c) Role of civil society in facilitating administrative accountability wrt 'Janlokpal' issue. [15mks]
Neoliberal reforms and democracy - a point could have been, how the state is moving from provider to facilitator guided by neoliberalism- and in this context maintaining administrative accountability becomes even more relevant, because of the indirect nature of accountability perpetuated by neoliberalism and NPM .

7(b) Does SHG movement adequately address absence of women in the former mainstream development agenda. [20mks]
Self help groups - This answer mainly required a comparison of "women in development" and "gender and development" approach. This post could have helped to show how SHGs are empowering women politically as well, thus making them agenda-setters as well, and not just recipients of  development aid. The other article of the post could have shown the counter-point of how even SHGs are failing their potential.
Kulandei Francis
NRLM - by reorienting focus of poverty alleviation programmes from aid-giving to empowerment, NRLM puts the poor at the centre of programmes aimed at them. Women are perceived as major change-makers in this programme.

8(b) Distinguish between e-Government and e-Governance. [15mks]
NPM in ARC2
E-governance and corruption in states
Collaborative governance in theory and practice
Public participation and organizational performance

PUBLIC ADMINISTRATION II